Importing Furniture from China:An Ultra-Detailed Guide 2025

How to import furniture from China ? Which is your target market such as Amazon, Shopify Stores, Local Wholesale and Retail Stores ? China is the world’s largest furniture exporter. China’s low labor costs and large-scale production capabilities make its furniture highly competitively priced. According to the International Trade Centre (ITC), China’s furniture exports reached $67 billion in 2020, accounting for 39% of the global marke.

China’s furniture industry produces a wide range of styles—from classical Chinese to Nordic minimalist and modern industrial—meeting diverse global demands. Chinese furniture manufacturers are highly flexible, adjusting designs, sizes, and materials to meet personalized market needs.

Importing furniture from China and the price is very completive from China and China offers similar-quality furniture at 30%-50% less than Europe or the U.S. Such as a solid wood bookshelf might cost €400 locally in Europe but €200-250 from China (including shipping) due to Low labor costs ($3-5/hour vs. $20+ in the U.S.), bulk material procurement, and export subsidies in China.

As a businessman imports Chinese furniture for its cost-effectiveness, variety, quality, customization, supply chain efficiency, innovation, and sustainability. Its advantages in price, style, quality, flexibility, logistics, technology, and eco-friendliness make it a global leader, offering unmatched value to buyers worldwide.

What Preparations Are Needed Before Importing Furniture from China?

Importing furniture from China is a complex yet rewarding process. As the world’s largest furniture producer and exporter, China hosts over 50,000 manufacturers, primarily in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Shandong regions. This guide covers preparations, key knowledge, and practical advice to help you efficiently and safely import furniture from scratch.

Before Importing Furniture from China, we need to consider such as supplier selection, understanding product requirements, arranging transportation and customs clearance, familiarizing yourself with import regulations, handling payments, and quality control. Start with small orders, keep records, and stay aware of trade policy changes.

Supplier Selection and Verification

Sourcing a reliable supplier is critical. You can search for manufacturers from Google.com or on platforms like 1688.com, Alibaba or Made-in-China, verify their reputation and quality, and consider hiring a sourcing agent if necessary.

Online Platforms: Use Google.com or B2B platforms like Alibaba or Made-in-China to filter factories and wholesalers. Check the supplier’s factory audit reports and product test reports, especially when exporting to the U.S. or Europe.
Physical Visits: If possible, attend furniture fairs in China (such as CIFF Guangzhou International Furniture Fair) or visit suppliers to inspect product quality. This requires higher costs and time investment.
Sourcing Agents: Consider hiring a local agent, especially if language and cultural barriers are significant. Agents typically charge 3% of the total purchase value as a service fee (Chinapurchasingagent.com).

Suppliers’ minimum order quantities (MOQs) may be high, especially for mass producers. If you’re importing as an individual, negotiate smaller batch orders with the suppliers.

Product Requirements and Compliance

Ensuring furniture meets destination safety and quality standards is vital. For example:

Wooden Furniture: Must comply with USDA APHIS standards to prevent illegal logging and invasive species. Heat or chemical treatment may be required, and CITES certificates might be needed for endangered wood species.
Other Standards: For the U.S., note anti-dumping duties (such as up to 198.08% on wooden bedroom furniture); for Europe, fire safety standards may apply.

Research destination-specific regulations in advance; import permits or inspection certificates may be required, especially for appliances or special materials.

Transportation and Logistics

Shipping method depends on volume and urgency; hiring a freight forwarder simplifies logistics and customs clearance, so plan enough lead time to avoid delays.

Sea Freight: Suitable for large volumes, typically FCL (full container load) or LCL (less than container load). A 40-foot container holds about 800 square feet, with costs ranging from $2,150-$4,850.
Air Freight: For small batches or urgent needs, but more expensive, suited to lightweight items.
Freight Forwarders: Hire experienced agents (you can search from Google.com or using such as OOCL, MSC, COSCO, Evergreen, Maersk…etc ) to streamline clearance and shipping.

Shipping typically takes 30-40 days, including clearance; allow 3-5 weeks buffer for potential delays.

Customs and Import Regulations

Customs clearance is a key step:

Documentation: Prepare commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and possibly CITES certificates or inspection reports.
Tariffs and Fees: Rates typically range from 0-12.8%, plus harbor maintenance fees (HMF, 0.125%) and merchandise processing fees (MPF, 0.03464%, min $31.67, max $614.35, requires customs bond. Check local customs policies for specifics.
Check HS code and Tariffs: Tariff is very important for our costs.For tariffs ,it’s better to confirm with customs official website or a clearance agent such as in U.S.,check by HTS(https://hts.usitc.gov/),HS codes for furniture from 9401 to 9404 .

Consult a customs broker to ensure compliance and avoid fines or delays.

Payment and Finances

Payment method impacts transaction security:

Common Methods: Bank transfers, letters of credit (L/C, typically for orders over $50,000), Western Union (for small personal deals),Payoneer ,Paypal and Wise.
Safety: Use L/C for large deals to protect funds, noting bank fees. 30% advance, 20% when it’s in production ,50% balance before shipment.
Cost Planning: Budget for shipping, insurance, and tariffs beyond the purchase price.

Quality Control and Inspection

Quality control prevents import issues:

Pre-Shipment Inspection: Arrange third-party inspections (such as SGS, an agent) before shipment to ensure contract compliance.
Communication: Stay in close contact with suppliers, monitor production progress, and address issues promptly.
Photos & Videos: This is very important if the furniture supplier can take real photos and videos for our orders before shipment.

Suggestions and Recommendations

To improve import efficiency, consider:

Start Small: Begin with small orders to test supplier reliability and product quality.
Monitor Policy Changes: Trade policies and tariffs can shift, especially amid U.S.-China tensions; stay updated
Keep Records: Retain all transaction records, contracts, and correspondence for clearance or disputes.
Professional Help: Work with experienced logistics firms or customs brokers to reduce risks.Sourcing it from Google.com.

Table: Key Steps and Cost Examples for Importing Furniture

The table below summarizes main steps and costs (U.S. example, varies by country):

Step	Details	Cost Example
Supplier Selection	Search platforms, verify reputation, possible agent fees	Agent fee 3% of purchase value
Product Compliance Check	Ensure standards met, possibly inspection reports	Inspection $500-$1,000/batch
Shipping Method Selection	Sea FCL (40ft container) or LCL, air for small/urgent	Sea $2,150-$4,850/40ft container
Customs Clearance	Prepare docs, pay tariffs and fees	Tariffs 0-12.8%, HMF 0.125%, MPF $31.67-$614.35
Quality Control	Pre-shipment inspection for contract compliance	Inspection $500-$1,000/batch

Unexpected Detail

One unforeseen issue is that certain furniture (such as wooden bedroom furniture) may face anti-dumping duties up to 198.08% in the U.S., significantly impacting cost calculations.

With these preparations and suggestions, you can manage the process effectively, ensuring controllable costs and reliable quality.

Furniture Materials

The material determines the quality and grade of the furniture. Furniture materials affect functionality, durability, and aesthetics, directly influencing their fit with interior styles. Below is an in-depth analysis of common materials, covering properties, production processes, furniture types, suitable styles, and specific applications.

1.Wood

Wood, a timeless and versatile material, is divided into Solid Wood and Engineered Wood.

Solid Wood
Properties: Cut from natural timber, it features unique grains, warm tones, and high strength but may crack or warp with humidity changes. Hardness, color, and texture vary by species.
Common Types & Properties:
- Oak: Hard, durable, bold grain; red oak (warm) and white oak (subtle).
- Pine: Soft, affordable, with natural knots and a fresh scent.
- Walnut: Deep brown, smooth grain, corrosion-resistant, luxurious.
- Cherry: Warm tones deepen over time, fine grain, smooth feel.
- Teak: Oily, waterproof, golden hue, ideal for outdoors.
  Production Process: Timber cutting, drying (to 8%-12% moisture), sanding, lacquering or waxing.
  Suitable Furniture:
- Beds: Walnut for luxury king beds, pine for simple singles.
- Dining Tables & Chairs: Oak round tables, cherry carved chairs.
- Wardrobes & Bookshelves: Teak moisture-resistant wardrobes, walnut upscale bookshelves.
- Decorative Pieces: Carved wooden screens or side tables.
  Style Pairings & Applications:
- European: Oak and walnut for Baroque carved dining sets with velvet chairs, exuding opulence.
- American: Cherry and oak for sturdy desks with leather sofas, reflecting rustic or colonial vibes.
- Classic: Walnut carved bookshelves or four-poster beds for traditional mansions.
- Rustic: Pine log tables with knots, paired with burlap curtains.
- Outdoor: Teak patio sets, weathering rain in gardens.
  Examples: Oak carved tables in Swedish estates, pine benches in U.S. rustic cabins.
Engineered Wood
Properties: Made from bonded wood scraps or veneers, it’s flat, affordable, and stable but less strong than solid wood.
Common Types & Properties:
- MDF: Fiber-based, smooth, paintable, moderate moisture resistance.
- Particle Board: Wood chips glued together, loose texture, cheapest option.
- Plywood: Layered thin sheets, strong, resistant to bending.
  Production Process: Mechanically cut wood waste, pressed under heat, veneered or laminated, then sanded and colored.
  Suitable Furniture:
- Bookshelves & Cabinets: MDF colorful kids’ shelves, plywood multi-tier cabinets.
- TV Stands & Desks: Particle board budget TV units, plywood lightweight desks.
- Bed Bases & Shelves: Plywood bed slats or wall-mounted shelves.
  Style Pairings & Applications:
- Modern Minimalist: MDF white TV stands with sleek lines and gray sofas.
- Scandinavian: Plywood light wood shelves with wool rugs, blending nature and utility.
- Industrial: Particle board cabinets with metal frames for loft apartments.
  Examples: IKEA’s Billy bookshelf (MDF+veneer), Scandinavian-style plywood sideboards.

2.Metal

Properties: Strong, corrosion-resistant, modern, but its cold feel may not suit cozy spaces.
Common Types & Properties:

Iron: Heavy, rust-prone unless coated, rugged appeal.
Stainless Steel: Shiny, acid-resistant, easy to clean.
Aluminum: Lightweight, rust-proof, portable.
Copper: Vintage patina, antibacterial, decorative.
Production Process: Cut, welded, polished or coated, often paired with wood or glass.
Suitable Furniture:
Bed Frames: Iron ornate frames, stainless steel minimalist bases.
Tables & Chairs: Aluminum outdoor sets, copper accent tables.
Shelves & Racks: Stainless steel kitchen racks, iron industrial bookshelves.
Style Pairings & Applications:
Modern: Stainless steel tables with glass tops for urban flats.
Industrial: Iron chairs with wood tops, paired with exposed brick.
Minimalist: Aluminum side tables with white walls for clean aesthetics.
Vintage: Copper lamp stands with velvet sofas.
Outdoor: Aluminum patio chairs for weather resistance.
Examples: Iron bookshelves in NYC lofts, stainless steel bar stools in modern diners.

3.Glass

Properties: Transparent, fragile unless tempered, decorative but not load-bearing, easy to clean but prone to fingerprints.
Common Types & Properties:

Tempered Glass: Breaks into small, safe pieces, high strength.
Frosted Glass: Semi-opaque, softens light, offers privacy.
Colored Glass: Vibrant, artistic appeal.
Production Process: Melted at high heat, shaped, tempered or frosted, often framed with metal or wood.
Suitable Furniture:
Coffee & Dining Tables: Tempered glass tops with metal legs, colored glass art tables.
Display Cabinets & Shelves: Frosted glass door units, tempered wall shelves.
Mirrored Furniture: Glass vanity tabletops.
Style Pairings & Applications:
Modern: Tempered glass dining tables with white chairs for openness.
Minimalist: Glass coffee tables with monochrome sofas for spatial depth.
Mediterranean: Frosted glass cabinets with blue walls, bright and breezy.
Artistic: Colored glass side tables for creative spaces.
Examples: Tempered glass coffee tables in modern living rooms, frosted glass cabinets on Mediterranean balconies.

4.Plastic

Properties: Lightweight, waterproof, durable, colorful, and moldable, though less luxurious; some types may lack eco-friendliness.
Common Types & Properties:

Polypropylene: Tough, wear-resistant, common for chairs.
Acrylic: High clarity, lighter than glass, decorative.
PVC: Flexible, cheap, used for fittings or secondary parts.
Production Process: Injection molding, pressing, or 3D printing, with optional coating or polishing.
Suitable Furniture:
Chairs: Polypropylene stackable seats, acrylic clear dining chairs.
Storage Boxes & Cabinets: PVC waterproof bins, polypropylene drawer units.
Outdoor & Kids’ Furniture: Plastic garden sets, colorful kids’ desks.
Style Pairings & Applications:
Modern: Acrylic clear chairs with metal tables, bold and trendy.
Kids’ Room: Polypropylene colorful stools, safe and sturdy.
Outdoor: PVC garden chairs, UV-resistant for patios.
Minimalist: Acrylic side tables with single-tone decor.
Examples: Acrylic bar stools in modern cafes, polypropylene toy chests in kindergartens.

5.Rattan

Properties: Lightweight, breathable, eco-friendly (natural), though natural types are moisture-sensitive; synthetic versions enhance durability.
Common Types & Properties:

Natural Rattan: Flexible, handwoven, organic texture.
Synthetic Rattan: Polyethylene-based, waterproof, UV-resistant.
Production Process: Natural rattan handwoven and lacquered, synthetic rattan machine-molded.
Suitable Furniture:
Chairs & Sofas: Natural rattan hanging chairs, synthetic outdoor sofas.
Tables & Baskets: Woven coffee tables, storage baskets.
Nightstands: Rattan small cabinets for decor.
Style Pairings & Applications:
Mediterranean: Natural rattan chairs with white walls and blue cushions.
Rustic: Woven sofas with wood floors, warm and earthy.
Tropical: Synthetic rattan outdoor sets with palm trees.
Bohemian: Rattan hanging chairs with ethnic rugs.
Examples: Rattan loungers in Bali villas, woven dining chairs in rustic retreats.

Material and Style Pairing Summary Table

Material	Suitable Furniture	Recommended Styles	Application Scenarios
Solid Wood (Oak)	Beds, Tables, Wardrobes	European, American, Classic	Luxury living, studies
Engineered (MDF)	Shelves, TV Stands	Modern Minimalist, Scandinavian	Small apartments, dorms
Metal (Steel)	Bed Frames, Tables, Racks	Modern, Industrial, Minimalist	Urban lofts, restaurants
Glass (Tempered)	Coffee Tables, Cabinets	Modern, Minimalist, Mediterranean	Living rooms, balconies
Plastic (Acrylic)	Chairs, Boxes, Outdoor	Modern, Kids’ Room, Outdoor	Cafes, nurseries
Rattan (Natural)	Chairs, Sofas, Baskets	Mediterranean, Rustic, Tropical	Coastal homes, gardens

Choosing furniture materials depends on environment, budget, and design goals. Solid wood offers luxury and longevity for traditional styles; engineered wood and plastic are practical for modern simplicity; metal and glass enhance urban modernity; rattan adds natural charm. Matching materials to styles elevates both aesthetics and functionality.

Furniture Classification

Furniture, an integral part of human life, reflects functionality, culture, history, and aesthetic preferences through its classifications, styles, and designs. Below is a comprehensive analysis of furniture types, styles, national preferences, and design trends, enriched with detailed descriptions and examples.

1.Furniture Classification and Styles

Furniture is categorized by purpose, with each category offering a variety of styles to suit diverse needs. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

Seating
- Chairs:
  - Dining Chairs: Solid wood straight-back chairs (classic, family dining), cushioned-back chairs (comfort-focused, restaurants), metal-framed chairs (modern, open kitchens).
  - Office Chairs: Ergonomic chairs (adjustable backrests and heights, long work hours), swivel chairs (with wheels, flexible), conference chairs (with armrests, formal settings).
  - Leisure Chairs: Armchairs (wide and cozy, reading or resting), recliners (adjustable, balconies), rocking chairs (wooden or rattan, nostalgic warmth).
- Sofas:
  - Single Sofas: Compact sofas (single apartments), bean bag sofas (frameless, casual).
  - Double Sofas: Loveseats (cozy for couples), retro leather sofas (sturdy, living rooms).
  - Multifunctional Sofas: L-shaped sofas (large family spaces), sofa beds (convertible, space-saving), modular sofas (reconfigurable, versatile).
- Stools:
  - Footstools: Round cushioned stools (sofa companions), rectangular storage stools (with inner compartments).
  - Bar Stools: High wooden stools (simple and natural), metal swivel stools (modern bars).
  - Benches: Solid wood benches (multi-seat, hallways), outdoor rattan benches (garden gatherings).
Storage
- Cabinets:
  - Wardrobes: Sliding-door wardrobes (space-saving, modern), hinged-door wardrobes (traditional, large capacity), built-in wardrobes (customized, small homes).
  - Bookcases: Open bookcases (displaying books and decor), glass-door bookcases (dust-proof, collectibles), low cabinets (doubling as TV stands).
  - Kitchen Cabinets: Wall cabinets (overhead storage), base cabinets (with drawers, cookware), wine cabinets (with slots, bottle display).
- Shelves:
  - Bookshelves: Multi-tier upright shelves (study rooms), ladder shelves (decorative, wall-leaning), floating shelves (wall-mounted, space-saving).
  - Display Racks: Metal grid racks (industrial, artwork), wooden tiered racks (rustic, plants).
  - Storage Racks: Bathroom racks (waterproof, toiletries), kitchen spice racks (compact and practical).
- Drawers:
  - Nightstands: Single-drawer stands (phones and lamps), double-drawer stands (more storage, couples’ rooms), floating stands (modern, space-efficient).
  - Filing Cabinets: Lockable drawer cabinets (secure office storage), mobile filing cabinets (with wheels, adjustable).
Tables
- Dining Tables:
  - Round Tables: Solid wood round tables (intimate meals), glass round tables (modern, easy to clean).
  - Rectangular Tables: Wooden rectangular tables (formal dinners), extendable tables (adjustable length, flexible seating).
  - Folding Tables: Portable folding tables (temporary use in small homes), outdoor picnic tables (light and durable).
- Coffee Tables:
  - Coffee Tables: Low wooden tables (casual living rooms), marble-top tables (高端大气).
  - Side Tables: Small round tables (beside sofas for lamps), triangular tables (corner use).
  - Functional Tables: Tables with drawers (storage), lift-top tables (convertible to dining height).
- Desks:
  - Writing Desks: Solid wood desks (classic and durable), simple engineered wood desks (light and affordable).
  - Computer Desks: With keyboard trays (space-saving), L-shaped desks (multi-tasking workstations).
  - Conference Tables: Oval large tables (executive meetings), modular tables (flexible setups).
Beds
- Bed Frames:
  - Single Beds: Wooden single beds (dormitories), foldable single beds (temporary use).
  - Double Beds: With headboards (decorative), storage beds (drawers underneath).
  - Special Beds: Kids’ beds (with rails, safety-first), bunk beds (siblings sharing), tatami beds (low Japanese style).
- Nightstands:
  - Simple Designs: Open-shelf stands (books and lamps), single-drawer stands (small item storage).
  - Luxury Designs: Carved wooden stands (classic style), glass-top stands (modern flair).
Decorative
- Screens:
  - Folding Screens: Carved wooden screens (Chinese-style partitions), fabric screens (light and portable).
  - Hanging Screens: Openwork metal screens (artistic decor), bamboo curtains (natural freshness).
- Mirrors:
  - Full-Length Mirrors: Floor-standing mirrors (dressing), wall-mounted full mirrors (space-saving).
  - Vanity Mirrors: Double-sided tabletop mirrors (magnifying), LED-lit mirrors (makeup use).
  - Decorative Mirrors: Round mosaic mirrors (artistic walls), retro copper-framed mirrors (vintage charm).
Outdoor
- Patio Sets:
  - Folding Chairs: Aluminum portable chairs (camping), rattan armchairs (comfort outdoors).
  - Hammocks: Canvas hammocks (single relaxation), mesh hammocks (breathable and cool).
- Garden Storage:
  - Outdoor Cabinets: Waterproof plastic cabinets (tool storage), wooden storage boxes (decorative and functional).

2.National Preferences for Furniture Styles

Preferences for furniture styles vary globally, shaped by cultural traditions, living spaces, and consumer habits. Here’s a detailed analysis with cultural context:

United States
- Preference: Oversized, practical furniture like massive leather L-shaped sofas, solid wood storage beds, and open kitchen bar tables.
- Cultural Context: With vast land and larger homes, Americans prioritize comfort and family entertainment, favoring bold designs.
- Specific Styles: Leather reclining sofas with cup holders, wooden buffets with drawers.
- Popular Scenarios: Suburban villa living rooms, home theater setups.
Japan
- Preference: Compact, multifunctional, low-profile furniture like foldable tatami beds, low tea tables, and stowable stools.
- Cultural Context: Influenced by Zen and minimalism, Japan’s small urban homes demand space-efficient, adaptable furniture.
- Specific Styles: Bamboo low stools, wheeled storage shelves.
- Popular Scenarios: City studio apartments, traditional tatami rooms.
Germany
- Preference: High-quality, modular, functional furniture like adjustable office chairs, combinable storage units, and straight-lined dining tables.
- Cultural Context: Germans value efficiency and order, influenced by Bauhaus design principles emphasizing utility and durability.
- Specific Styles: Metal-framed desks, lockable filing cabinets.
- Popular Scenarios: Modern offices, tidy apartments.
Italy
- Preference: Artistic, elegant furniture like carved armchairs, glass-top dining tables, and leather-upholstered beds.
- Cultural Context: As the birthplace of the Renaissance, Italy blends aesthetics with craftsmanship, treating furniture as art.
- Specific Styles: Marble side tables, gilded decorative mirrors.
- Popular Scenarios: Luxurious dining rooms, classic villas.
Sweden
- Preference: Light-colored, natural, eco-friendly furniture like pine bookshelves, fabric single sofas, and simple wooden chairs.
- Cultural Context: Inspired by Nordic landscapes, Swedes emphasize sustainability and cozy simplicity.
- Specific Styles: White folding side tables, gray wool-cushioned sofas.
- Popular Scenarios: Scandinavian apartments, countryside cabins.
China
- Preference: Blending tradition and modernity, like rosewood round tables, new Chinese fabric sofas, and multifunctional storage beds.
- Cultural Context: Families value heritage and practicality, with furniture reflecting feng shui and contemporary needs.
- Specific Styles: Carved wooden screens, tea tables with hidden storage.
- Popular Scenarios: Chinese-style living rooms, modern studies.
India
- Preference: Vibrant, intricately carved furniture like wooden carved beds, painted storage cabinets, and rattan chairs.
- Cultural Context: Influenced by religious motifs and colonial history, Indian furniture suits multi-generational homes with bold designs.
- Specific Styles: Brass-inlaid side tables, handwoven armchairs.
- Popular Scenarios: Traditional courtyards, ethnic-style bedrooms.

3.Furniture Styles and Designs

Furniture styles are a mirror of culture and time. Here’s an in-depth look at major styles, including origins, features, materials, and examples:

European
- Origins & Evolution: Rooted in 16th-18th century European courts, Baroque (ornate symmetry) and Rococo (light curves) set the tone, later refined by Neoclassicism (balanced simplicity).
- Characteristics: Lavish decor, curved lines, aristocratic flair.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Oak, walnut, carved and gilded, silk or velvet upholstery.
- Examples: Baroque carved armchairs with brocade cushions, Rococo gilded mirrors, solid wood carved dining tables.
- Ideal Spaces: Grand living rooms, classic dining areas.
- Case Study: Versailles-inspired bedroom setups.
Scandinavian
- Origins & Evolution: Emerged mid-20th century in Nordic countries, shaped by minimalism and naturalism, later blended with modern design.
- Characteristics: Clean lines, light tones, function-first.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Pine, birch, white or gray finishes, wool or linen fabrics.
- Examples: White plywood bookshelves, Scandinavian wooden-leg dining chairs, gray fabric triple sofas.
- Ideal Spaces: Small apartments, open-plan living rooms.
- Case Study: IKEA showroom’s minimalist layouts.
American
- Origins & Evolution: Brought by 18th-century European settlers, it merged rustic and colonial styles, evolving with 19th-century industrialization for comfort.
- Characteristics: Robust, cozy, family-oriented.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Cherry, oak, dark stains, leather or thick fabric padding.
- Examples: Leather L-shaped sofas, solid wood rocking chairs, rustic buffets with drawers.
- Ideal Spaces: Country homes, family entertainment rooms.
- Case Study: Texas farmhouse living room designs.
Mediterranean
- Origins & Evolution: From Greece, Spain, and other Mediterranean coasts, it became a vacation style in the 19th century, blending sea and rural elements.
- Characteristics: Bright, relaxed, blue-white palette.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Rattan, pine, blue or white paint, handmade ceramic tiles.
- Examples: Blue-striped rattan chairs, white wrought iron coffee tables, terracotta vase cabinets.
- Ideal Spaces: Coastal balconies, holiday cottages.
- Case Study: Santorini-style patio arrangements.
Modern Minimalist
- Origins & Evolution: Mid-20th century, driven by Bauhaus’ “form follows function” ethos, focusing on stark simplicity.
- Characteristics: Straight lines, neutral tones, no excess decor.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Metal, glass, engineered wood, painted or polished finishes.
- Examples: Black metal glass coffee tables, white MDF TV stands, gray single sofas.
- Ideal Spaces: Urban apartments, modern offices.
- Case Study: Tokyo minimalist bachelor pads.
Industrial
- Origins & Evolution: Late 19th-century Industrial Revolution, popularized by 20th-century warehouse conversions, embraced by urban youth.
- Characteristics: Raw, rugged, metal-wood mixes, vintage vibes.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Iron, reclaimed wood, leather or canvas, exposed bolts.
- Examples: Iron-and-wood bookshelves, retro leather armchairs, metal-framed workbenches.
- Ideal Spaces: Loft apartments, creative studios.
- Case Study: Brooklyn loft industrial interiors.
Japanese
- Origins & Evolution: Influenced by Tang Dynasty China, later shaped by Zen and tea culture, prioritizing simplicity and harmony.
- Characteristics: Low-profile, minimalist, Zen-inspired.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Bamboo, tatami, paper or wood, handwoven techniques.
- Examples: Tatami low beds, bamboo tea tables, paper floor lamps.
- Ideal Spaces: Japanese-style bedrooms, meditation rooms.
- Case Study: Kyoto traditional home layouts.
New Chinese
- Origins & Evolution: Emerged in the 21st century, modernizing traditional Chinese furniture to suit contemporary living while retaining heritage.
- Characteristics: Elegant simplicity, traditional-modern fusion, cultural depth.
- Materials & Craftsmanship: Rosewood, bamboo, modern fabrics or leather, ink paintings or carvings.
- Examples: Rosewood armchairs, minimalist fabric sofas, carved wooden screens.
- Ideal Spaces: Chinese living rooms, scholarly studies.
- Case Study: Beijing courtyard home modernizations.

Furniture spans a wide range of classifications and styles, from seating, storage, tables, and beds to decorative and outdoor pieces, meeting both practical and aesthetic needs. National preferences, shaped by culture, lifestyle, and space—like America’s bold comfort, Japan’s compact versatility, or Italy’s artistic flair—highlight global diversity. Furniture styles, from European opulence and Scandinavian purity to Industrial grit and New Chinese elegance, offer a spectrum of design choices for various tastes and spaces.

Office Furniture: Classifications and Styles

Office furniture is a cornerstone of any workplace, directly influencing productivity and ambiance. Office furniture is divided into seating, desks, storage, meeting furniture, and other categories, each with a variety of styles. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1.Seating Category

Task Chairs: Versatile for daily use, with adjustable height and tilt, available in mesh, leather, or fabric.
Ergonomic Chairs: Built for long hours, with lumbar support and multi-point adjustments, common in IT offices.
Conference Chairs: Stackable or with armrests for meeting rooms, often in plastic or metal frames.
Guest Chairs: Simple, non-wheeled designs for reception areas, typically wood or plastic.
Stools: Bar stools for high counters, in metal or plastic, offering flexibility.

2.Desk Category

Standard Desks: Rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped with drawers, ideal for individual workstations, common in open offices.
Standing Desks: Height-adjustable, increasingly popular for health-focused work, often with electric lifts.
Executive Desks: Larger with extensive storage, made from solid wood or MDF, suited for executive suites.
Reception Desks: Welcoming with curved or open counters, in glass or wood, prioritizing aesthetics.
Cubicle Desks: Modular for open-plan layouts, with partitions for privacy, typically metal-framed.

3.Storage Category

Filing Cabinets: Metal or wood, single or multi-door with locks, ideal for archives.
Bookshelves: Open or with doors for books and decor, in various materials, suited for studies or offices.
Credenzas: For executive offices, with display features, often solid wood, for files and trophies.
Lockers: For personal items with locks, common in shared spaces, in metal or plastic.

4.Meeting Furniture Category

Conference Tables: Large with power outlets and cable management, in glass or wood, for presentations.
Training Tables: With whiteboards or projector support for educational use, often foldable.
Break Room Tables: Casual for dining and relaxation, in plastic or wood.

5.Other Category

Seating Areas: Sofas and armchairs for break rooms, in fabric or leather, creating comfort.
Waiting Chairs: For visitors, often in rows, made from plastic or metal.
Collaboration Tools: Whiteboards for displays, bulletin boards for teamwork, common in meeting rooms.
Decorative and Functional Items: Plants and lamps to enhance aesthetics, often in reception or break areas.

Styles

Office furniture styles reflect workplace identity. Here’s a detailed look:

1.Modern Style

Features: Sleek lines, minimal decor, using glass, metal, and engineered wood, ideal for tech firms.
Examples: Metal-framed glass-top desks, mesh-back chairs, common in open-plan offices.

2.Traditional Style

Features: Classic with wood finishes, often carved, suited for law or finance offices.
Examples: Solid wood carved desks, cushioned wooden chairs, typical in executive suites.

3.Industrial Style

Features: Raw and rugged, mixing metal and wood with exposed hardware, perfect for creative studios.
Examples: Wood-top metal-leg desks, vintage metal cabinets, seen in loft offices.

4.Minimalist Style

Features: Function-driven, no excess elements, simple design, ideal for startups.
Examples: Straight-lined desks and chairs, minimalist look, common in modern home offices.

5.Luxurious Style

Features: Premium materials like leather and mahogany, intricate details, suited for executive spaces.
Examples: Leather-wrapped chairs, precious wood desks, prevalent in finance sectors.

6.Eco-Friendly Style

Features: Sustainable materials with natural finishes, ideal for green businesses.
Examples: Reclaimed wood desks, recyclable-material chairs, found in tech parks.

Potential Considerations

Budget and Needs: Styles and designs vary widely in cost, requiring alignment with office size and purpose.
Space Utilization: Open offices favor modular furniture, while executive spaces need luxurious designs.
Health and Comfort: Ergonomic chairs and standing desks are critical for long-term workers.

Office furniture offers a rich array of classifications and styles, from seating, desks, and storage to meeting furniture and beyond, with designs spanning modern to traditional, industrial to eco-friendly. Selecting the right categories and styles enhances productivity, comfort, and workplace ambiance.

Furniture Manufacturers In China: Main Distribution Provinces and Cities

China leads the world in furniture manufacturing, with producers concentrated in economically developed, well-connected regions with robust industrial chains, particularly in eastern coastal and central provinces like Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, and Sichuan. Each area has carved out unique specialties. Below is an in-depth analysis of these provinces and cities, covering industry background, production scale (in USD), specific furniture styles, and market focus.

1.Guangdong Province

Guangdong is the epicenter of China’s furniture industry, especially in the Pearl River Delta, where industrial clustering drives over 40% of national furniture output. The province excels in exports and high-end markets, boasting advanced design and craftsmanship.

Guangzhou
- Industry Background: As the provincial capital, Guangzhou hosts major furniture fairs, drawing global buyers and fostering diverse production.
- Production Scale: Around 5,000 companies, with an annual output exceeding $71.4 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Mid-to-High-End Home Furniture: Solid wood dining tables, fabric sofas, carved bed frames—comfortable and decorative for modern homes.
  - Office Furniture: Ergonomic chairs, modular desks—functional for corporate settings.
  - Hotel Furniture: Custom suite furniture (beds, wardrobes, sofas)—tailored for luxury hotels.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end domestic and export markets (Europe, North America, Southeast Asia).
Shenzhen
- Industry Background: Known for innovation and tech, Shenzhen integrates smart design into furniture.
- Production Scale: About 3,000 companies, annual output around $57.1 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Modern Furniture: Smart adjustable desks, minimalist sofas—tech-savvy and stylish.
  - Custom Furniture: Personalized wardrobes, storage beds—ideal for small apartments.
  - High-End Outdoor Furniture: Aluminum patio sets, treated wood swings—durable and elegant.
- Market Focus: High-end domestic and export markets (North America, Europe), emphasizing customization and smart features.
Dongguan
- Industry Background: Part of the “world factory,” Dongguan is renowned for mass production and exports with a robust supply chain.
- Production Scale: Around 6,000 companies, annual output over $85.7 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Mid-to-High-End Custom Furniture: Solid wood wardrobes, modular cabinets—adjustable sizes and styles.
  - Sofas: Leather three-seaters, L-shaped fabric sofas—cozy and sturdy.
  - Bedroom Furniture: Solid wood double beds, storage-integrated frames—practical and chic.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end markets, with 70% exports targeting Europe, North America, and Australia.
Foshan
- Industry Background: Home to massive trading hubs, Foshan is a production and commerce powerhouse.
- Production Scale: Around 8,000 companies, annual output about $114.3 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Mid-to-High-End Furniture: Carved wood dining tables, leather armchairs—crafted with detail.
  - Custom Furniture: Full kitchen cabinets, kids’ desks—personalized solutions.
  - Children’s Furniture: Pine bunk beds, colorful storage units—safe and eco-friendly.
- Market Focus: Domestic mid-to-high-end markets and exports to Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
Zhongshan
- Industry Background: Zhongshan leverages its lighting industry to enhance furniture design, extending into outdoor products.
- Production Scale: About 4,000 companies, annual output around $50 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Classic Furniture: Mahogany tea tables, carved screens—rooted in tradition.
  - Solid Wood Furniture: Oak desks, walnut wardrobes—elegant and timeless.
  - Outdoor Furniture: Rattan loungers, wrought iron garden tables—perfect for yards.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end markets, with sales to Europe and Australia.

2.Zhejiang Province

Zhejiang’s furniture industry is export-driven, leveraging port access and design prowess for international sales.

Hangzhou
- Industry Background: Boosted by e-commerce, Hangzhou excels in online sales and innovative designs.
- Production Scale: Around 3,000 companies, annual output about $42.9 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Office Furniture: Ergonomic office chairs, conference tables—highly functional.
  - Hotel Furniture: Solid wood bed frames, leather sofas—suited for business hotels.
  - Modern Minimalist Furniture: Panel coffee tables, fabric single sofas—simple and practical.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end markets, exporting to North America and Europe.
Ningbo
- Industry Background: With port advantages, Ningbo dominates furniture exports with a mature supply chain.
- Production Scale: About 2,500 companies, annual output around $35.7 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Home Furniture: Panel bed frames, solid wood dining chairs—family-friendly.
  - Outdoor Furniture: Plastic folding chairs, treated wood patio tables—portable and durable.
  - Panel Furniture: MDF bookshelves, particle board TV stands—cost-effective.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-low-end markets, exporting to Europe, North America, and Australia.
Wenzhou
- Industry Background: Famous for leather processing, Wenzhou focuses on upholstered furniture production.
- Production Scale: Around 2,000 companies, annual output about $28.6 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Leather Furniture: Genuine leather sofas, leather armchairs—luxurious and comfy.
  - Upholstered Furniture: Fabric-upholstered beds, leather recliners—texture-focused.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end markets, exporting to the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

3.Jiangsu Province

Jiangsu blends traditional craftsmanship with modern design, producing a diverse range of styles.

Suzhou
- Industry Background: Known for “Suzhou-style furniture,” it boasts a rich heritage in mahogany craftsmanship.
- Production Scale: Around 2,000 companies, annual output about $25.7 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Classic Furniture: Mahogany eight tables, carved armchairs—exquisite craftsmanship.
  - Mahogany Furniture: Rosewood cabinets, pearwood beds—high collectible value.
  - Mid-to-High-End Custom Furniture: Solid wood wardrobes, panel storage units—highly customizable.
- Market Focus: High-end domestic market, with limited exports.
Nanjing
- Industry Background: Nanjing caters to modern urban needs with practical and stylish designs.
- Production Scale: Around 1,500 companies, annual output about $21.4 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Modern Furniture: Metal-framed coffee tables, fabric sofas—sleek and trendy.
  - Minimalist Furniture: Panel desks, plastic storage units—functional and simple.
- Market Focus: Mid-range market, serving East China.
Wuxi
- Industry Background: Wuxi specializes in outdoor furniture with an emphasis on durability.
- Production Scale: Around 1,000 companies, annual output about $17.1 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Outdoor Furniture: Aluminum patio chairs, rattan swings—yard-friendly.
  - Garden Furniture: Treated wood benches, wrought iron plant stands—leisure-oriented.
- Market Focus: Mid-range market, exporting to Europe and Australia.

4.Shandong Province

Shandong targets mid-to-low-end markets with high output and competitive pricing.

Qingdao
- Industry Background: Leveraging port access, Qingdao balances exports and domestic sales.
- Production Scale: Around 3,000 companies, annual output about $42.9 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Modern Furniture: Panel bed frames, Nordic-style dining chairs—simple and practical.
  - Minimalist Furniture: MDF TV stands, pine bookshelves—cost-effective.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-low-end markets, exporting to North America and Europe.
Jinan
- Industry Background: As the provincial capital, Jinan serves commercial and residential needs.
- Production Scale: Around 2,000 companies, annual output about $28.6 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Office Furniture: Ergonomic chairs, conference tables—highly practical.
  - Hotel Furniture: Solid wood bed frames, fabric sofas—suited for hotel suites.
  - Solid Wood Furniture: Oak dining tables, pine wardrobes—durable and attractive.
- Market Focus: Mid-range market, serving North China.
Linyi
- Industry Background: A major panel furniture hub, Linyi benefits from abundant timber resources.
- Production Scale: Around 4,000 companies, annual output about $50 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Panel Furniture: MDF storage cabinets, particle board bed frames—affordable.
  - Solid Wood Furniture: Pine desks, oak dining chairs—mass-market designs.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-low-end domestic market.

5.Hebei Province

Hebei focuses on mid-to-low-end markets, benefiting from proximity to Beijing and Tianjin.

Shijiazhuang
- Industry Background: Shijiazhuang supplies homes and offices with practical furniture.
- Production Scale: Around 2,000 companies, annual output about $25.7 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Modern Furniture: Panel coffee tables, fabric sofas—simple and useful.
  - Minimalist Furniture: MDF bookshelves, plastic storage units—budget-friendly.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-low-end market, serving North China.
Baoding
- Industry Background: Baoding upholds traditional woodworking, especially in mahogany furniture.
- Production Scale: Around 1,500 companies, annual output about $21.4 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Classic Furniture: Mahogany arhat beds, carved screens—finely crafted.
  - Mahogany Furniture: Rosewood desks, pearwood wardrobes—luxurious and upscale.
- Market Focus: High-end domestic market.
Langfang
- Industry Background: Near Beijing, Langfang caters to office and hotel needs.
- Production Scale: Around 2,000 companies, annual output about $28.6 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Office Furniture: Metal desks, ergonomic chairs—functional.
  - Hotel Furniture: Solid wood bed frames, leather sofas—business hotel-friendly.
- Market Focus: Mid-range market, serving Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

6.Sichuan Province

Sichuan’s furniture industry is rising in western China, focusing on mid-to-high-end and custom products.

Chengdu
- Industry Background: As a western economic hub, Chengdu thrives with e-commerce and customization trends.
- Production Scale: Around 3,000 companies, annual output about $42.9 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Modern Furniture: Panel bed frames, fabric sofas—trendy and simple.
  - Minimalist Furniture: MDF storage cabinets, pine desks—practical focus.
  - Custom Furniture: Full wardrobes, kids’ desks—highly personalized.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end market, serving Southwest China with some exports.
Mianyang
- Industry Background: Mianyang targets commercial applications with practical designs.
- Production Scale: Around 1,000 companies, annual output about $14.3 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Office Furniture: Conference tables, ergonomic chairs—business-ready.
  - Hotel Furniture: Solid wood bed frames, leather sofas—hotel-oriented.
- Market Focus: Mid-range market, serving Southwest commercial spaces.
Deyang
- Industry Background: Deyang focuses on outdoor and mid-to-high-end furniture with growth potential.
- Production Scale: Around 800 companies, annual output about $11.4 billion.
- Main Styles:
  - Outdoor Furniture: Rattan patio chairs, treated wood benches—yard-suited.
  - Garden Furniture: Wrought iron plant stands, aluminum swings—leisure-focused.
  - Mid-to-High-End Home Furniture: Solid wood dining tables, leather sofas—quality-driven.
- Market Focus: Mid-to-high-end market, serving Southwest China with some exports.

China’s furniture manufacturers are spread across Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, and Sichuan, each city leveraging local strengths, market demands, and industrial bases to develop unique specialties. Guangdong leads in scale, high-end products, and exports; Zhejiang excels in design and global markets; Jiangsu blends tradition with modernity; Shandong and Hebei serve mass markets; and Sichuan rises in the west. These regions collectively support domestic consumption and propel global furniture trade, showcasing China’s manufacturing diversity and prowess.

Requirements and Certifications for Importing Furniture from China

Importing furniture from China requires compliance with each country’s customs tariffs, certifications, and regulations, including safety standards, environmental laws, and import permits. Below is a detailed analysis of requirements for the United States, European Union, Canada, Brazil, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, India, Russia, Egypt, Morocco, Switzerland, Turkey, Chile, Japan, South Korea, Argentina, Panama, Norway, Colombia, and Mexico, based on official customs websites .

1.United States

Tariffs: Per USITC HS Code (hts.usitc.gov):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 0%-5.25%, such as office furniture at 2.5%.
- Upholstered furniture (HS 9401.61): Often duty-free.
Certifications and Compliance:
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) (www.cpsc.gov):
  - Tests: Structural stability (ASTM F2057 tip-over), coatings (lead <90 ppm, 16 CFR 1303), upholstery flammability (16 CFR 1633, flame spread <10 inches/min).
  - Regulations: Children’s furniture must meet ASTM F963-17 (mechanical/chemical safety).
- Formaldehyde Emissions: Must comply with EPA TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770), limit 0.11 ppm, requiring CARB/EPA certification label.
- Lacey Act (19 USC 3371-3378): Requires timber harvest permits or FSC certification.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit bill of lading, invoice, packing list, and origin certificate via Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) to CBP.
  2. Declare HS Code and value.
  3. Customs inspection (X-ray or physical).

- Additional Fees: Customs fee (0.3464% value, min $26.79, max $519.76), potential port storage fees.
Practical Tips: Pre-test with SGS or Intertek, ensure CARB labeling, verify wood origin to avoid holds.

2.European Union

Tariffs: Per EU TARIC (ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.40): 0%-5.6%, such as kitchen furniture at 2.7%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Safety Standards: Must meet EN 14749 (domestic furniture safety) and EN 1725 (upholstered durability):
  - Tests: Load-bearing (>50kg), stability (tilt <10°), durability (100,000 cycles).
- Environmental Standards: REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006) limits chemicals, such as formaldehyde <0.1 mg/m³, requiring SGS reports.
- CE Marking: Submit technical files (blueprints, material list) and conformity declaration.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit certificate of origin (Form A for tariff relief), invoice, and packing list to EU Customs.
  2. Pay VAT (19%-27%, such as Germany 19%).
  3. Customs may require additional checks.

- Additional Fees: VAT and potential storage fees.
Practical Tips: Pre-register for REACH, use TÜV or Bureau Veritas for testing, prepare multilingual labels (English, French, etc.).

3.Canada

Tariffs: Per CBSA Tariff (www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.50): 0%-9.5%, such as bedroom furniture 8%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Canada Consumer Product Safety Act (CCPSA) (www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services):
  - Tests: Heavy metals (lead <90 ppm), structural strength (CSA Z94.1), children’s furniture safety.
- Formaldehyde Emissions: Must meet Canadian EPA limit (<0.1 ppm), with test reports.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit B3-3 Import Declaration, invoice, and packing list to CBSA.
  2. Check if a permit is required (varies by type).
  3. Pay GST (5%) and possible provincial taxes (such as Ontario HST 13%).

- Additional Fees: Processing fee $10-$50.
Practical Tips: Verify permit needs on CBSA site, ensure environmental compliance.

4.Brazil

Tariffs: Per Receita Federal NCM (www.gov.br/receitafederal):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 14%-20%, such as living room furniture 18%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Brazilian National Standards Organization (ABNT):
  - Regulations: NBR 14810 (structural stability, load >60kg), NBR 15842 (upholstery fire resistance, flame spread <15cm).
  - Tests: Durability, fire safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Register import license via Siscomex.
  2. Submit invoice, packing list, certificate of origin.
  3. Pay II (Import Tax) and IPI (Industrial Product Tax) (approx. 10%-15%).

- Additional Fees: ICMS VAT (17%-19%).
Practical Tips: Engage a Brazilian customs broker for tax and permit complexity.

5.Thailand

Tariffs: Per Thai Customs (www.customs.go.th):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 10%-30%, such as office furniture 20%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI):
  - Regulation: TIS 1499-2541, tests load capacity (>50kg) and durability (50,000 cycles).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit from Thai Customs.
  2. Submit Form E (ASEAN-China FTA for tariff relief), invoice.
  3. Pay VAT (7%).

Practical Tips: Ensure Form E accuracy for ASEAN-China FTA benefits.

6.Vietnam

Tariffs: Per Vietnam Customs (www.customs.gov.vn):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 15%-30%, such as bedroom furniture 25%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Directorate for Standards, Metrology, and Quality (STAMEQ):
  - Regulation: TCVN 7491:2005, tests durability (>5 years) and safety (tilt <10°).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit.
  2. Submit invoice, packing list, possibly a Plant Quarantine Certificate.
  3. Customs inspection.

Practical Tips: Pre-arrange wood quarantine to avoid pest-related delays.

7.Australia

Tariffs: Per Australian Border Force (ABF) (www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.20): 5%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Australian Standards (AS/NZS):
  - Regulations: AS/NZS 4688 (strength, load >50kg), AS/NZS 4935 (children’s furniture safety).
- Biosecurity: Requires AQIS Fumigation Certificate to prevent pests.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit N10 Declaration, invoice, packing list.
  2. Pay GST (10%).
  3. AQIS inspection.

Practical Tips: Coordinate with fumigation services for AQIS compliance.

8.New Zealand

Tariffs: Per New Zealand Customs (www.customs.govt.nz/personal/importing-goods/tariff/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.50): 0%-5%, such as bedroom furniture 5%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- New Zealand Standards (NZS):
  - Regulation: NZS 4610, tests stability (tilt <10°).
- Quarantine: Requires MPI Fumigation Certificate.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, packing list, certificate of origin.
  2. MPI inspection.

Practical Tips: Pre-arrange quarantine to expedite clearance.

9.India

Tariffs: Per Indian Customs (www.cbic.gov.in/htdocs-cbec/customs/cs-tariff2017):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 10%-20%, plus GST 18%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS):
  - Regulation: IS 13005, tests durability (>5 years) and safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit.
  2. Submit invoice, certificate of origin.
  3. Pay GST.

Practical Tips: Provide detailed material lists to avoid misclassification.

10.Russia

Tariffs: Per EAEU (www.eaeunion.org/en/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 10%-15%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- EAEU Technical Regulation (TR CU 025/2012):
  - Tests: Load-bearing (>50kg), fire resistance (flame spread <15cm).
  - Requires EAC certification.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit EAC certificate, invoice.
  2. Pay VAT (20%).

Practical Tips: Partner with Russian certification bodies for EAC.

11.Egypt

Tariffs: Per Egyptian Customs (www.customs.gov.eg/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.40): 5%-40%, such as living room furniture 40%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS):
  - Regulation: EOS 1302, tests structure and material safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit.
  2. Submit invoice, packing list.

Practical Tips: Use Arabic labels for efficiency.

12.Morocco

Tariffs: Per Moroccan Customs (www.douane.gov.ma/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 2.5%-20%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Moroccan Standards and Quality Organization (IMANOR):
  - Regulation: Tests durability (>5 years).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, packing list.
  2. May require sanitary certificate.

Practical Tips: Provide French documents.

13.Switzerland

Tariffs: Per Swiss Customs (www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home.html):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.50): 0%-5%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs (EAER):
  - Tests: Formaldehyde <0.1 mg/m³ (EN 717-1), safety (EN 1725).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit declaration of conformity, invoice.

Practical Tips: Prepare German, French, Italian labels.

14.Turkey

Tariffs: Per Turkish Customs (www.gtb.gov.tr/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 0%-10%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Turkish Standards Institution (TSE):
  - Regulation: TS 13002, tests load capacity and fire resistance.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit.
  2. Submit certificate of origin.

Practical Tips: Verify wood origin proof.

15.Chile

Tariffs: Per Chilean Customs (www.aduana.cl/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 6%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- National Institute of Standardization (INN):
  - Regulation: INN NCh 1985, tests safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, packing list.
  2. Pay VAT (19%).

Practical Tips: Use China-Chile FTA for tariff relief.

16.Japan

Tariffs: Per Japanese Customs (www.customs.go.jp/english/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.50): 0%-10%, such as bedroom furniture 3.9%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS):
  - Regulation: JIS S 1200, tests stability (tilt <10°), fire resistance.
- Quarantine: Requires Plant Quarantine Certificate (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, quarantine certificate.
  2. Customs inspection.

Practical Tips: Ensure packaging meets Japanese standards.

17.South Korea

Tariffs: Per Korean Customs (www.customs.go.kr/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 8%-10%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Korean Standards Association (KSA):
  - Regulation: KPS 2001, tests formaldehyde (<0.1 mg/L) and safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit certificate of origin, invoice.
  2. Pay VAT (10%).

Practical Tips: Leverage China-Korea FTA.

18.Argentina

Tariffs: Per Argentine Customs (www.afip.gob.ar/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 14%-20%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification (IRAM):
  - Regulation: IRAM 13002, tests durability (>5 years).
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Apply for an import permit.
  2. Submit invoice, pay VAT (21%).

Practical Tips: Provide Spanish documents.

19.Panama

Tariffs: Per Panamanian Customs (www.mef.gob.pa/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 0%-15%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Panamanian Commission for Industrial and Technical Standards (COPANIT):
  - Regulation: COPANIT 1300, tests safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, packing list.

Practical Tips: Check duty-free eligibility.

20.Norway

Tariffs: Per Norwegian Customs (www.toll.no/en/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.50): 0%-5%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Standards Norway (SN):
  - Regulation: NS-EN 1725, tests environmental (formaldehyde <0.1 mg/m³) and safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, forestry compliance proof.

Practical Tips: Provide FSC certification.

21.Colombia

Tariffs: Per Colombian Customs (www.dian.gov.co/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.60): 10%-15%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Colombian Institute of Technical Standards (ICONTEC):
  - Regulation: NTC 13005, tests structural safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit invoice, packing list.
  2. Pay VAT (19%).

Practical Tips: Use Spanish labels.

22.Mexico

Tariffs: Per Mexican Customs (www.sat.gob.mx/):
- Wooden furniture (HS 9403.30): 10%-20%.
Certifications and Compliance:
- Association of Standardization and Certification (ANCE):
  - Regulation: NOM-050-SCFI-2004, tests formaldehyde (<0.1 ppm) and safety.
Import Process:
- Steps:

- 1. Submit certificate of origin, invoice.
  2. Pay IVA (16%).
Practical Tips: Use China-Mexico trade agreements.

Importing furniture from China requires detailed preparation of tariffs, certifications, and compliance documents, tailored to each country’s customs regulations. Importers should verify specifics with local customs or certification bodies (such as SGS, TÜV) to avoid delays or penalties.

International Furniture Trade Shows

International furniture trade shows are vital platforms for showcasing the latest designs, manufacturing technologies, and market trends in the furniture industry. Below is a detailed list of significant global furniture exhibitions, including those in China, with exhibition names, countries, domain links, addresses, annual timings, and in-depth descriptions of each event’s unique features.

China International Furniture Fair (CIFF)

Country: China
Website: www.ciff-gz.com
Address: Pazhou Exhibition Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (No. 380 Yuejiang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City)
Annual Timing: March, typically March 18-21
Features: CIFF is one of Asia’s largest furniture trade fairs, spanning over 1 million square meters. It covers home furniture (such as sofas, dining tables), office furniture (such as ergonomic chairs, conference tables), outdoor furniture (such as patio sets), and smart home products. With over 400,000 visitors and 4,000 exhibitors, it features themed zones like modern furniture, classic furniture, and design innovation, offering a B2B trading platform. It includes an international procurement area and design forums, making it ideal for businesses targeting Asian markets. CIFF also releases annual industry trend reports to boost global trade collaboration.

Shanghai International Furniture Fair

Country: China
Website: www.shiff.com.cn
Address: Shanghai New International Expo Center, No. 2345 Longyang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
Annual Timing: May, typically May 27-30
Features: This fair focuses on modern and contemporary furniture design, covering 300,000 square meters. Exhibits include sofas, beds, dining tables, and bookshelves, emphasizing innovative design and sustainable materials. Attracting around 150,000 domestic and international buyers, it features a “Design Shanghai” zone, hosting design forums and trend releases to explore future industry directions. Ideal for high-end market seekers, it offers one-on-one procurement matching services for efficient transactions.

Foshan International Furniture Fair

Country: China
Website: www.foshanfair.com
Address: Tanzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China (No. 1 Gongzhan Road, Beijiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan City)
Annual Timing: November, typically November 15-18
Features: Focused on Chinese-manufactured furniture, this fair spans 200,000 square meters, showcasing solid wood furniture (such as oak dining tables), panel furniture (such as MDF cabinets), and upholstered furniture (such as leather sofas). Highlighting Guangdong’s manufacturing prowess, it draws about 100,000 buyers and includes procurement matching sessions and manufacturing tech displays. It’s perfect for small-to-medium enterprises expanding domestically, offering logistics and supply chain solutions.

Beijing International Home Fair

Country: China
Website: www.bjhomefair.com
Address: China International Exhibition Center, No. 6 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Annual Timing: October, typically October 10-13
Features: Covering furniture, lighting, and home textiles, this fair spans 150,000 square meters, catering to both residential and commercial needs. Attracting around 80,000 buyers, it features an international zone (showcasing European designs) and trend release areas. Ideal for businesses targeting North China, it hosts design lectures and industry summits on smart homes and eco-trends, providing market insights.

Salone del Mobile (Milan Furniture Fair)

Country: Italy
Website: www.salonedelmobile.com
Address: Fiera di Milano, Strada Statale 33 del Sempione, 28, 20017 Rho MI, Milan, Italy
Annual Timing: April, typically April 8-13
Features: Widely regarded as the world’s most influential furniture fair, it spans 200,000 square meters, showcasing home furniture (such as modern sofas), office furniture (such as creative desks), and outdoor furniture (such as aluminum patio chairs). Attracting over 300,000 visitors, including designers and architects, it hosts the “SaloneSatellite” zone for young designers and awards like Red Dot. Known for cutting-edge design, it’s perfect for high-end market players.

High Point Market

Country: United States
Website: www.highpointmarket.org
Address: High Point, North Carolina, USA (High Point Market Authority, 163 S. Main St., High Point, NC 27260)
Annual Timing: April and October, typically April 13-17 and October 19-23
Features: The world’s largest furniture trade show, spanning over 1 million square meters, it showcases home furnishings (such as beds, cabinets), decor, and office furniture. Held biannually, it attracts about 75,000 North American and international buyers with temporary and permanent showrooms, offering procurement guides and trend forecasts. Ideal for businesses targeting the U.S. market, it emphasizes large-scale trading and variety.

Interzum

Country: Germany
Website: www.interzum.com
Address: Messe Stuttgart, Messepiazza 1, 70629 Stuttgart, Germany
Annual Timing: Biennial in May, such as May 5-8, 2025
Features: Focused on furniture production technology, this fair covers 150,000 square meters, displaying woodworking (such as solid wood panels), components (such as hinges, drawer slides), and machinery. Attracting about 60,000 professionals, it targets manufacturers and tech suppliers, hosting tech seminars and awards like the Interzum Award. It emphasizes sustainable materials and smart manufacturing, ideal for production-focused businesses.

Maison&Objet

Country: France
Website: www.maison-objet.com
Address: Paris Nord Villepinte, ZAC Paris Nord 2, 93420 Villepinte, Paris, France
Annual Timing: January and September, typically January 17-21 and September 5-9
Features: A top event for interior design and home goods, it spans 120,000 square meters, showcasing furniture (such as leather sofas), lighting, and decor accessories. Attracting about 80,000 visitors, including designers and retailers, it features a “Trends Forum” and “Designer’s Choice” zone, emphasizing French and European aesthetics. Perfect for high-end home markets, it draws style-focused businesses.

100% Design

Country: United Kingdom
Website: www.100percentdesign.co.uk
Address: Earls Court, Warwick Road, London SW5 9TA, United Kingdom
Annual Timing: September, typically September 22-25
Features: The UK’s leading contemporary design fair, spanning 50,000 square meters, it displays furniture (such as minimalist dining tables), lighting, and decor. Attracting around 30,000 visitors, including architects and designers, it offers design awards and trend releases, ideal for the European market with a focus on innovation and modern style.

NeoCon

Country: United States
Website: www.neocon.com
Address: The Mart, 222 W Merchandise Mart Plaza, Chicago, IL 60654, Illinois, USA
Annual Timing: June, typically June 9-11
Features: Focused on commercial interior design, it covers 300,000 square meters, showcasing office furniture (such as ergonomic chairs), public space furniture (such as reception desks), and materials. Attracting about 50,000 professionals, it features awards like Best of NeoCon, ideal for corporate office markets, blending functionality and design.

IMM Cologne

Country: Germany
Website: www.koelnmesse.de/en/trade-fairs/imm-cologn
Address: Koelnmesse, Messeplatz 1, 50679 Cologne, Germany
Annual Timing: January, typically January 13-19
Features: A key German fair for furniture and interior design, spanning 250,000 square meters, it showcases hotel furniture (such as solid wood beds), restaurant furniture (such as round dining tables), and catering items. Attracting about 120,000 visitors, it includes a “Trends Zone” and procurement sessions, ideal for commercial space design with a global focus.

International furniture trade shows offer diverse platforms for trade, design, and technology. Chinese fairs like CIFF and Shanghai International Furniture Fair excel in manufacturing scale and market reach, while Milan’s Salone del Mobile and High Point Market lead in design and trade volume. Interzum and NeoCon focus on technology and commercial applications, fostering global industry growth.

Importing furniture from China to EU: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

As an EU merchant importing furniture from China to EU due to lower costs, strong production capacity, variety, efficient logistics, and competitive pricing, supported by a robust supply chain. For example, a wooden dining chair produced in the EU might cost €50-€80, while China’s FOB price is $20-€30. Even EU brands like IKEA source heavily from China, highlighting its cost-performance edge. Imported furniture allows EU merchants to compete at lower prices.

China’s abundant raw materials (timber, metal, plastics) and short production cycles meet rapid market demands.

Most Furniture from China to EU is 0% Duty Rate, but Specific Furniture Non-0% Duty Rate like HS 940421 (rubber or plastic foam mattresses): 3.7%,HS 940429 (mattresses of other materials, such as, spring mattresses): 3.7% and HS 940490 (such as pillows, cushions, quilts): 4.7%

Detailed List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, Import Duty Rates

Below is a list of furniture items with specific descriptions, HS codes (6-digit), and EU import duty rates for goods from China (MFN rates).

No.	Item & Description	HS Code	Import Duty Rate
1	Wooden dining chair, leather upholstery, oak frame	940161	0%
2	Wooden office chair, fabric upholstery, pine legs	940161	0%
3	Wooden 3-seater sofa, velvet upholstery, walnut frame	940161	0%
4	Metal dining chair, PU leather upholstery, stainless steel legs	940171	0%
5	Metal office chair, mesh upholstery, aluminum frame	940171	0%
6	Metal 2-seater sofa, leather upholstery, steel frame	940171	0%
7	Plastic dining chair, polypropylene molded, no upholstery	940180	0%
8	Plastic office chair, ABS material, adjustable armrests	940180	0%
9	Plastic single sofa, polyethylene, outdoor use	940180	0%
10	Wooden double bed frame, solid oak, no headboard	940350	0%
11	Metal double bed frame, painted steel, with crossbeam	940320	0%
12	Plastic single bed frame, PVC, easy assembly	940370	0%
13	Wooden double-door wardrobe, pine, sliding doors	940350	0%
14	Metal wardrobe, steel, with drawers and hanging rod	940320	0%
15	Plastic wardrobe, PP panels, transparent doors	940370	0%
16	Wooden chest of 5 drawers, walnut veneer, metal handles	940350	0%
17	Metal chest of 5 drawers, painted iron, industrial style	940320	0%
18	Plastic chest of 5 drawers, ABS, lockable drawers	940370	0%
19	Wooden round coffee table, oak top, tripod base	940360	0%
20	Metal coffee table, stainless steel frame, glass top	940320	0%
21	Glass coffee table, tempered glass top, aluminum legs	940320	0%
22	Wooden rectangular dining table, solid pine, seats 6	940360	0%
23	Metal dining table, painted iron, round top	940320	0%
24	Glass dining table, tempered glass top, square stainless steel legs	940320	0%
25	Wooden bookshelf, 5-tier, walnut finish	940360	0%
26	Metal bookshelf, steel grid structure, black paint	940320	0%
27	Plastic bookshelf, PP, 3-tier detachable design	940370	0%
28	Wooden TV stand, oak, double doors and drawers	940360	0%
29	Metal TV stand, steel, open shelving	940320	0%
30	Plastic TV stand, PVC, white minimalist design	940370	0%
31	Wooden desk, pine top, with drawers and keyboard tray	940330	0%
32	Metal desk, steel frame, with file cabinet	940310	0%
33	Plastic desk, ABS, foldable design	940370	0%
34	Wooden nightstand, walnut, single drawer	940350	0%
35	Metal nightstand, painted iron, open shelf	940320	0%
36	Plastic nightstand, PP, double-layer storage	940370	0%
37	Wooden armchair, fabric upholstery, oak armrests	940161	0%
38	Metal armchair, leather upholstery, steel armrests	940171	0%
39	Plastic armchair, polypropylene, integrated armrests	940180	0%
40	Wooden recliner, velvet upholstery, pine frame	940161	0%
41	Metal recliner, mesh upholstery, aluminum frame	940171	0%
42	Plastic recliner, PVC, waterproof outdoor design	940180	0%
43	Wooden ottoman, leather upholstery, oak legs	940161	0%
44	Metal ottoman, fabric upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
45	Plastic ottoman, ABS, round design	940180	0%
46	Wooden bench, velvet upholstery, walnut frame	940161	0%
47	Metal bench, leather upholstery, stainless steel legs	940171	0%
48	Plastic bench, PP, with backrest	940180	0%
49	Wooden bar stool, fabric upholstery, oak legs	940161	0%
50	Metal bar stool, PU leather upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
51	Plastic bar stool, ABS, height-adjustable	940180	0%
52	Wooden kitchen cabinet, pine, double doors and drawers	940340	0%
53	Metal kitchen cabinet, steel, stainless steel countertop	940320	0%
54	Plastic kitchen cabinet, PVC, waterproof design	940370	0%
55	Wooden bathroom vanity, oak, with mirror and storage	940360	0%
56	Metal bathroom vanity, painted steel, open shelving	940320	0%
57	Plastic bathroom vanity, PP, waterproof coating	940370	0%
58	Wooden dressing table, walnut, with mirror and drawers	940350	0%
59	Metal dressing table, steel frame, glass top	940320	0%
60	Plastic dressing table, ABS, with LED lights	940370	0%
61	Wooden sideboard, pine, sliding doors and shelves	940360	0%
62	Metal sideboard, painted iron, drawers and doors	940320	0%
63	Plastic sideboard, PP, white minimalist design	940370	0%
64	Wooden console table, oak, with drawers and shelf	940360	0%
65	Metal console table, painted steel, glass top	940320	0%
66	Glass console table, tempered glass top, stainless steel legs	940320	0%
67	Wooden hall tree, walnut, with hooks and base	940360	0%
68	Metal hall tree, painted steel, multi-layer hooks	940320	0%
69	Plastic hall tree, PP, easy assembly	940370	0%
70	Wooden shoe rack, pine, 5-tier open design	940360	0%
71	Metal shoe rack, steel grid, tilted shelves	940320	0%
72	Plastic shoe rack, ABS, 3-tier detachable	940370	0%
73	Wooden coat rack, oak, with trouser clips and hooks	940360	0%
74	Metal coat rack, stainless steel, non-slip coating	940320	0%
75	Plastic coat rack, PP, multi-functional hooks	940370	0%
76	Wooden rocking chair, fabric upholstery, oak frame	940161	0%
77	Metal rocking chair, leather upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
78	Plastic rocking chair, PVC, waterproof outdoor design	940180	0%
79	Wooden futon, velvet upholstery, pine frame	940161	0%
80	Metal futon, fabric upholstery, steel frame	940171	0%
81	Plastic futon, PP, foldable design	940180	0%
82	Wooden bunk bed, oak, with guardrails and ladder	940350	0%
83	Metal bunk bed, painted steel, top and bottom design	940320	0%
84	Plastic bunk bed, ABS, with safety rails	940370	0%
85	Wooden crib, pine, adjustable height base	940350	0%
86	Metal crib, painted steel, with rocking function	940320	0%
87	Plastic crib, PP, detachable side panels	940370	0%
88	Wooden changing table, walnut, with storage	940360	0%
89	Metal changing table, steel frame, with safety straps	940320	0%
90	Plastic changing table, ABS, with waterproof pad	940370	0%
91	Wooden high chair, oak, no upholstery	940169	0%
92	Metal high chair, painted steel, with footrest	940179	0%
93	Plastic high chair, PP, with backrest and armrests	940180	0%
94	Wooden playpen, pine, with safety gate	940360	0%
95	Metal playpen, steel grid, foldable design	940320	0%
96	Plastic playpen, PP, colorful panels	940370	0%
97	Rubber foam mattress, natural latex, single size	940421	3.7%
98	Spring mattress, steel springs and foam, double size	940429	3.7%
99	Feather pillow, goose feather fill, cotton cover	940490	4.7%
100	Cushion, polyester fiber fill, decorative cover	940490	4.7%

Ultra-Detailed Tariff and Cost Calculation

Selected Item: Rubber foam mattress (HS 940421, natural latex fill, single size)
Below is a detailed cost breakdown from FOB Guangzhou to the EU:

Basic Information:
- FOB Guangzhou Price: $150 (export price per mattress)
- Quantity: 100 units
- Total FOB Value: $150 × 100 = $15,000
Freight and Insurance Costs:
- Ocean Freight: $1,500 (20ft container from Guangzhou to Rotterdam)
- Insurance: $15,000 × 0.5% = $75 (0.5% of goods value)
- CIF Value: $15,000 + $1,500 + $75 = $16,575
Customs Duty:
- Duty Rate: 3.7%
- Duty Amount: $16,575 × 3.7% = $613.28
Value-Added Tax (VAT):
- Assumed Dutch VAT Rate: 21% (varies by EU country, Netherlands as example)
- Taxable Amount: $16,575 + $613.28 = $17,188.28
- VAT Amount: $17,188.28 × 21% = $3,609.54
Additional Costs (e.g., Rotterdam port):
- Port Fees: $200 (terminal handling charges, etc.)
- Customs Clearance Fees: $150 (customs broker fee)
- Inland Transport: $300 (port to warehouse)
- Total Additional Costs: $200 + $150 + $300 = $650
Total Cost:
- Total Amount: $16,575 + $613.28 + $3,609.54 + $650 = $21,447.82
- Cost per Unit: $21,447.82 ÷ 100 = $214.48

Summary: Each mattress increases from $150 (FOB Guangzhou) to $214.48 (landed cost), a 43% rise.

Detailed Considerations for Importing Furniture

EU Regulatory Compliance:
- CE Marking: Required for items like cribs to certify safety.
- Fire Safety: Upholstered furniture must pass EN 1021 tests.
- REACH Regulations: Ensure no banned chemicals in materials.
Documentation:
- Commercial invoice (with HS codes, descriptions, prices)
- Packing list (contents and weight per box)
- Certificate of Origin (proving Chinese origin)
- Bill of Lading
Shipping and Packaging:
- Use moisture-proof packaging to prevent sea transport damage.
- Secure furniture to avoid shifting.
Customs Inspection:
- Random checks may occur; ensure consistency with declarations.
- Non-compliant goods may be detained or destroyed.
Timing:
- Sea shipping takes 30-45 days; plan inventory ahead.

Enhanced Suggestions

Supplier Selection: Choose BSCI- or ISO-certified factories.
Bulk Purchasing: Container shipping reduces unit costs.
Market Positioning: Use FSC-certified wood for eco-conscious consumers.
Localization: Establish EU warehousing for faster delivery.

Trade Preferences Between China and the EU

As of March 2025, no free trade agreement (FTA) exists between China and the EU for furniture. MFN rates apply.

Current Status: Most furniture at 0%, mattresses (940421, 940429) at 3.7%, bedding (940490) at 4.7%.
CAI (EU-China Investment Agreement): Not yet in force, no tariff benefits.
Suggestion: Monitor anti-dumping policies; past measures targeted wooden furniture.

Importing furniture from China to UK: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

The UK imports a substantial amount of furniture from China annually, with China being one of its largest suppliers. China as a major furniture exporter to the UK. For the four quarters ending Q2 2024 (Q3 2023 to Q2 2024), total UK-China trade in goods and services was £87.7 billion, with imports from China at £55.7 billion, accounting for 5.1% of UK total imports.

Furniture (HS Chapter 94) is a key category. In 2023, China’s global furniture exports were valued at $50-60 billion (£39-46.8 billion, based on 2025 exchange rates). As one of China’s top five markets (after the US, Germany, etc.), the UK likely imports furniture worth £5-7 billion annually. China accounts for 30%-40% of global furniture exports, and the UK takes 10%-15% of China’s furniture exports.

As a Businessman importing furniture from China to the UK, this is a common business choice due to China’s low costs, high production capacity, and diverse designs dominating the global market. This article provides an ultra-detailed list of furniture items with their HS codes and tariff rates, a comprehensive cost calculation for a selected item (FOB Guangzhou), import considerations, suggestions, and an analysis of trade preferences between China and the UK.

List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Import Duty Rates

Below is a list of furniture items with detailed descriptions, HS codes (6-digit), and UK import duty rates for goods from China (based on MFN rates). Descriptions include materials, uses, and design details for precise HS code matching.

No.	Item & Description	HS Code	Import Duty Rate
1	Wooden dining chair, leather upholstery, oak frame	940161	0%
2	Metal dining chair, PU leather upholstery, stainless steel legs	940171	0%
3	Plastic dining chair, polypropylene molded, no upholstery	940180	0%
4	Wooden office chair, fabric upholstery, pine legs	940161	0%
5	Metal office chair, mesh upholstery, aluminum frame	940171	0%
6	Plastic office chair, ABS material, adjustable armrests	940180	0%
7	Wooden 3-seater sofa, velvet upholstery, walnut frame	940161	0%
8	Metal 2-seater sofa, leather upholstery, steel frame	940171	0%
9	Plastic single sofa, polyethylene, outdoor use	940180	0%
10	Wooden armchair, fabric upholstery, oak armrests	940161	0%
11	Metal armchair, leather upholstery, steel armrests	940171	0%
12	Plastic armchair, polypropylene, integrated armrests	940180	0%
13	Wooden recliner, velvet upholstery, pine frame	940161	0%
14	Metal recliner, mesh upholstery, aluminum frame	940171	0%
15	Plastic recliner, PVC, waterproof outdoor design	940180	0%
16	Wooden bar stool, fabric upholstery, oak legs	940161	0%
17	Metal bar stool, PU leather upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
18	Plastic bar stool, ABS, height-adjustable	940180	0%
19	Wooden rocking chair, fabric upholstery, oak frame	940161	0%
20	Metal rocking chair, leather upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
21	Plastic rocking chair, PVC, waterproof outdoor design	940180	0%
22	Wooden round coffee table, oak top, tripod base	940360	0%
23	Metal coffee table, stainless steel frame, glass top	940320	0%
24	Glass coffee table, tempered glass top, aluminum legs	940320	0%
25	Wooden rectangular dining table, solid pine, seats 6	940360	0%
26	Metal dining table, painted iron, round top	940320	0%
27	Glass dining table, tempered glass top, square stainless steel legs	940320	0%
28	Wooden desk, pine top, with drawers and keyboard tray	940330	0%
29	Metal desk, steel frame, with file cabinet	940310	0%
30	Plastic desk, ABS, foldable design	940370	0%
31	Wooden nightstand, walnut, single drawer	940350	0%
32	Metal nightstand, painted iron, open shelf	940320	0%
33	Plastic nightstand, PP, double-layer storage	940370	0%
34	Wooden console table, oak, with drawers and shelf	940360	0%
35	Metal console table, painted steel, glass top	940320	0%
36	Glass console table, tempered glass top, stainless steel legs	940320	0%
37	Wooden double bed frame, solid oak, no headboard	940350	0%
38	Metal double bed frame, painted steel, with crossbeam	940320	0%
39	Plastic single bed frame, PVC, easy assembly	940370	0%
40	Rubber foam mattress, natural latex, single size	940421	3.7%
41	Spring mattress, steel springs and foam, double size	940429	3.7%
42	Feather pillow, goose feather fill, cotton cover	940490	4.7%
43	Cushion, polyester fiber fill, decorative cover	940490	4.7%
44	Duvet, duck feather fill, cotton cover	940490	4.7%
45	Sleeping bag, polyester fill, for outdoor camping	940490	4.7%
46	Wooden double-door wardrobe, pine, sliding doors	940350	0%
47	Metal wardrobe, steel, with drawers and hanging rod	940320	0%
48	Plastic wardrobe, PP panels, transparent doors	940370	0%
49	Wooden chest of 5 drawers, walnut veneer, metal handles	940350	0%
50	Metal chest of 5 drawers, painted iron, industrial style	940320	0%
51	Plastic chest of 5 drawers, ABS, lockable drawers	940370	0%
52	Wooden kitchen cabinet, pine, double doors and drawers	940340	0%
53	Metal kitchen cabinet, steel, stainless steel countertop	940320	0%
54	Plastic kitchen cabinet, PVC, waterproof design	940370	0%
55	Wooden bathroom vanity, oak, with mirror and storage	940360	0%
56	Metal bathroom vanity, painted steel, open shelving	940320	0%
57	Plastic bathroom vanity, PP, waterproof coating	940370	0%
58	Wooden bookshelf, 5-tier, walnut finish	940360	0%
59	Metal bookshelf, steel grid structure, black paint	940320	0%
60	Plastic bookshelf, PP, 3-tier detachable design	940370	0%
61	Wooden TV stand, oak, double doors and drawers	940360	0%
62	Metal TV stand, steel, open shelving	940320	0%
63	Plastic TV stand, PVC, white minimalist design	940370	0%
64	Wooden shoe rack, pine, 5-tier open design	940360	0%
65	Metal shoe rack, steel grid, tilted shelves	940320	0%
66	Plastic shoe rack, ABS, 3-tier detachable	940370	0%
67	Wooden hall tree, walnut, with hooks and base	940360	0%
68	Metal hall tree, painted steel, multi-layer hooks	940320	0%
69	Plastic hall tree, PP, easy assembly	940370	0%
70	Wooden bench, velvet upholstery, walnut frame	940161	0%
71	Metal bench, leather upholstery, stainless steel legs	940171	0%
72	Plastic bench, PP, with backrest	940180	0%
73	Wooden ottoman, leather upholstery, oak legs	940161	0%
74	Metal ottoman, fabric upholstery, steel base	940171	0%
75	Plastic ottoman, ABS, round design	940180	0%
76	Wooden futon, velvet upholstery, pine frame	940161	0%
77	Metal futon, fabric upholstery, steel frame	940171	0%
78	Plastic futon, PP, foldable design	940180	0%
79	Wooden bunk bed, oak, with guardrails and ladder	940350	0%
80	Metal bunk bed, painted steel, top and bottom design	940320	0%
81	Plastic bunk bed, ABS, with safety rails	940370	0%
82	Wooden crib, pine, adjustable height base	940350	0%
83	Metal crib, painted steel, with rocking function	940320	0%
84	Plastic crib, PP, detachable side panels	940370	0%
85	Wooden changing table, walnut, with storage	940360	0%
86	Metal changing table, steel frame, with safety straps	940320	0%
87	Plastic changing table, ABS, with waterproof pad	940370	0%
88	Wooden high chair, oak, no upholstery	940169	0%
89	Metal high chair, painted steel, with footrest	940179	0%
90	Plastic high chair, PP, with backrest and armrests	940180	0%
91	Wooden playpen, pine, with safety gate	940360	0%
92	Metal playpen, steel grid, foldable design	940320	0%
93	Plastic playpen, PP, colorful panels	940370	0%
94	Wooden patio chair, waterproof finish, oak frame	940169	0%
95	Metal patio chair, aluminum, rust-resistant coating	940179	0%
96	Plastic patio chair, polyethylene, durable outdoor design	940180	0%
97	Wooden patio table, pine, foldable design	940360	0%
98	Metal patio table, painted steel, round top	940320	0%
99	Plastic patio table, PP, UV-resistant coating	940370	0%
100	Wooden patio bench, oak, with backrest	940169	0%
101	Metal patio bench, painted iron, outdoor use	940179	0%
102	Plastic patio bench, ABS, with waterproof cushion	940180	0%
103	Wooden mirror frame, walnut, carved decoration	940360	0%
104	Metal mirror frame, stainless steel, minimalist design	940320	0%
105	Plastic mirror frame, PVC, with LED strip	940370	0%
106	Wooden display cabinet, pine, glass doors and lighting	940360	0%
107	Metal display cabinet, steel, open shelving	940320	0%
108	Plastic display cabinet, PP, transparent design	940370	0%
109	Wooden filing cabinet, oak, lockable drawers	940330	0%
110	Metal filing cabinet, painted steel, sliding drawers	940310	0%
111	Plastic filing cabinet, ABS, waterproof lid	940370	0%
112	Wooden magazine rack, walnut, with dividers	940360	0%
113	Metal magazine rack, painted iron, open design	940320	0%
114	Plastic magazine rack, PP, with handle	940370	0%
115	Wooden sculpture stand, pine, round base	940360	0%
116	Metal sculpture stand, painted steel, modern art style	940320	0%
117	Plastic sculpture stand, ABS, height-adjustable	940370	0%
118	Wooden plant stand, oak, 3-tier open design	940360	0%
119	Metal plant stand, steel grid, rust-resistant coating	940320	0%
120	Plastic plant stand, PP, with drainage holes	940370	0%

Ultra-Detailed Cost Calculation

Selected Item: Rubber foam mattress (HS 940421, natural latex fill, single size, 3.7% duty rate)
Below is a comprehensive cost breakdown from FOB Guangzhou to the UK (Southampton port as example):

Basic Information:
- FOB Guangzhou Price: $100/unit
- Quantity: 1000 units
- Total FOB Value: $100 × 1000 = $100,000
- Packaging: Vacuum-compressed, ~0.1 m³/unit, 1000 units = 100 m³, requiring ~4 x 20ft containers (25 m³ each)
Shipping Costs (Guangzhou to Southampton):
- Ocean Freight: $600 per 20ft container (2025 estimate), 4 containers = $2400, $2.40/unit
- Port Handling (Guangzhou): $50/container, 4 containers = $200, $0.20/unit
- Total Shipping Cost: $2.40 + $0.20 = $2.60/unit
Insurance Costs:
- Insurance Rate: 0.5% of goods value (industry standard)
- Insurance Amount: $100,000 × 0.5% = $500
- Per Unit Insurance: $500 ÷ 1000 = $0.50
CIF Value (Cost, Insurance, Freight):
- Per Unit CIF: $100 + $2.60 + $0.50 = $103.10
- Total CIF: $103.10 × 1000 = $103,100
Customs Duty:
- Duty Rate: 3.7% (UK MFN rate for HS 940421)
- Duty Per Unit: $103.10 × 3.7% = $3.81
- Total Duty: $3.81 × 1000 = $3810
Value-Added Tax (VAT):
- UK VAT Rate: 20% (standard rate for furniture)
- Taxable Base: CIF + Duty = $103.10 + $3.81 = $106.91/unit
- VAT Per Unit: $106.91 × 20% = $21.38
- Total VAT: $21.38 × 1000 = $21,380
Additional Costs (Southampton & Inland):
- Port Handling (THC): $150/container, 4 containers = $600, $0.60/unit
- Customs Broker Fee: $200/shipment, $0.20/unit
- Documentation Fee: $50/shipment, $0.05/unit
- Inland Transport (Southampton to London warehouse): $800/container, 4 containers = $3200, $3.20/unit
- Warehousing Fee: $2/unit (assumed London warehouse cost)
- Total Additional Costs Per Unit: $0.60 + $0.20 + $0.05 + $3.20 + $2 = $6.05
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost: $103.10 (CIF) + $3.81 (Duty) + $21.38 (VAT) + $6.05 (Other) = $134.34
- Total Amount: $134.34 × 1000 = $134,340

Each rubber foam mattress rises from $100 (FOB Guangzhou) to $134.34 (landed cost in the UK), a 34.34% increase, driven mainly by VAT and shipping-related fees.

Ultra-Detailed Considerations for Importing Furniture

Product Compliance:
- UK Safety Standards: Upholstered furniture must comply with the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988, passing ignition tests (such as BS 5852).
- Children’s Furniture: Must meet BS EN 716 (cribs) or BS EN 14988 (high chairs).
- REACH Regulations: Ensure no banned chemicals (such as heavy metals) in wood, coatings, or fillings.
- Labeling: Fire safety labels and country of origin tags are mandatory.
Documentation:
- Commercial Invoice: Include itemized descriptions, HS codes, quantities, unit prices, and total value.
- Packing List: Detail pieces, weight, volume, and packaging per box.
- Bill of Lading: Specify shipper and consignee for sea freight.
- Certificate of Origin: Optional but can confirm Chinese manufacture.
- EORI Number: UK importers need an EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) number.
Shipping and Packaging:
- Packaging Requirements: Use moisture-proof, shock-resistant packaging to prevent sea transit damage.
- Transit Time: Guangzhou to Southampton takes ~35-45 days; plan inventory accordingly.
- Container Options: Choose 20ft (25 m³) or 40ft (50 m³) containers based on volume.
Customs Clearance:
- Declaration: Submit via HMRC’s CHIEF system or CDS (Customs Declaration Service).
- Inspections: Random checks may occur; ensure goods match paperwork.
- Broker Recommendation: Hire a UK customs broker (~$150-300/shipment).
Market and Legal Considerations:
- Intellectual Property: Verify designs avoid infringement risks or brand disputes.
- Sustainability: UK consumers prefer FSC-certified timber; consider eco-certifications.
- Post-Brexit Impact: Monitor UK trade policy updates post-Brexit.

Enhanced Suggestions

Supplier Selection:
- Partner with BSCI or ISO 9001-certified Chinese factories for quality and labor compliance.
- Request compliance test reports (such as fire safety) from suppliers.
Cost Optimization:
- Bulk Purchasing: Fill 40ft containers to reduce per-unit shipping costs to ~$2 or less.
- Long-Term Contracts: Secure annual shipping agreements for stable rates.
Market Competitiveness:
- Local Warehousing: Establish warehouses in the UK (such as London or Manchester) for 3-5 day delivery.
- Eco-Friendly Positioning: Use sustainable materials (such as bamboo or recycled plastic) to align with UK green trends.
Risk Management:
- Purchase comprehensive shipping insurance covering damage and delays.
- Regularly review UK trade policies to avoid unexpected tariffs or restrictions.

Trade Preferences Between China and the UK

As of March 2025, no free trade agreement (FTA) exists between China and the UK for furniture. Standard MFN rates apply:

Most furniture (HS 9401, 9403): 0%
Mattresses (HS 940421, 940429): 3.7%
Bedding articles (HS 940490): 4.7%

Current Status:

Post-Brexit, UK-China trade operates under WTO rules with no additional preferences.
Potential FTA discussions are ongoing but have not yet impacted furniture tariffs.

Importing furniture from China to Canada: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China . In 2023, Canada imported furniture (HS Chapter 94, including wooden, metal, plastic furniture, mattresses, and bedding) from China valued at approximately CAD 1.5 billion (~USD 1.1 billion, assuming 1 CAD ≈ 0.73 USD in 2025). China accounts for 30%-35% of Canada’s total furniture imports, outpacing other sources like the US (25%) and Vietnam (15%). Canada’s total furniture imports in 2023 were ~CAD 4.5 billion, with China contributing about one-third.

As a Canadian importing furniture from China to Canada, this is an appealing business choice due to China’s low costs, high production capacity, and diverse designs dominating the global market. We provide an ultra-detailed list of furniture items with their HS codes and tariff rates, a comprehensive cost calculation for selected item (FOB Shenzhen), detailed import considerations and optimization suggestions, an analysis of trade preferences between China and Canada.

Detailed List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Import Duty Rates

Below is a list of 100 uniquely named furniture items with detailed descriptions, HS codes (6-digit), and Canada’s import duty rates for goods from China (based on MFN rates). All items have a 0% duty rate, but a 5% Goods and Services Tax (GST) applies, with additional PST or HST in some provinces. Descriptions include materials, uses, and design details for precise classification.

No.	Item & Description	HS Code	Import Duty Rate
1	Oak dining seat, brown suede upholstery, solid wood frame	940161	0%
2	Stainless steel meal chair, black velvet pad, metal legs	940171	0%
3	Polypropylene leisure chair, white molded, no upholstery	940180	0%
4	Pine work chair, grey cotton upholstery, wooden legs	940161	0%
5	Aluminum alloy office seat, black mesh pad, metal frame	940171	0%
6	ABS ergonomic chair, black material, adjustable armrests	940180	0%
7	Walnut lounge sofa, blue velvet pad, solid wood frame	940161	0%
8	Steel frame duo seat, black leather pad, metal structure	940171	0%
9	Polyethylene outdoor sofa, grey waterproof design, plastic frame	940180	0%
10	Oak reading chair, beige linen upholstery, wooden armrests	940161	0%
11	Steel comfort chair, brown leather pad, metal armrests	940171	0%
12	Polypropylene cozy chair, blue molded, with armrests	940180	0%
13	Pine relax recliner, green velvet pad, solid wood frame	940161	0%
14	Aluminum stretch chair, grey mesh pad, metal frame	940171	0%
15	PVC patio recliner, white waterproof design, plastic structure	940180	0%
16	Oak bar perch, black cotton pad, wooden legs	940161	0%
17	Steel bar stool, brown velvet pad, metal base	940171	0%
18	ABS tall stool, black material, height-adjustable	940180	0%
19	Oak sway chair, beige canvas pad, solid wood frame	940161	0%
20	Steel swing chair, black leather pad, metal base	940171	0%
21	PVC outdoor rocker, grey waterproof design, plastic structure	940180	0%
22	Oak tea table, round top, tripod wooden base	940360	0%
23	Stainless steel side table, tempered glass top, metal frame	940320	0%
24	Glass accent table, tempered glass top, aluminum legs	940320	0%
25	Pine banquet table, rectangular top, seats 6	940360	0%
26	Iron gathering table, black painted, round top	940320	0%
27	Glass dining table, square tempered glass top, stainless steel legs	940320	0%
28	Pine study desk, with drawers and keyboard tray, solid wood	940330	0%
29	Steel workstation, with file cabinet and lock, metal frame	940310	0%
30	ABS portable desk, white material, foldable design	940370	0%
31	Walnut bedside stand, single drawer and shelf, solid wood	940350	0%
32	Iron bed cabinet, grey painted, open shelf	940320	0%
33	PP bedroom chest, black material, dual-layer storage	940370	0%
34	Oak entry table, with drawer and lower shelf, solid wood	940360	0%
35	Steel foyer table, black painted, glass top	940320	0%
36	Glass hall table, tempered glass top, stainless steel legs	940320	0%
37	Oak double bed, with crossbeam support, solid wood frame	940350	0%
38	Steel duo bed, black painted, with headboard	940320	0%
39	PVC solo bed, white material, easy assembly	940370	0%
40	Latex foam sleep mat, natural latex fill, single size	940421	0%
41	Spring rest mat, steel springs and foam, double size	940429	0%
42	Goose feather headrest, white cotton cover, 50×50 cm	940490	0%
43	Fiber-filled back cushion, grey decorative cover, 40×40 cm	940490	0%
44	Duck down quilt, cotton cover, single size	940490	0%
45	Polyester sleeper sack, green outdoor camping design, 180×80 cm	940490	0%
46	Pine storage wardrobe, dual sliding doors, with rod and shelf	940350	0%
47	Steel closet, with drawers and hanging rod, metal structure	940320	0%
48	PP organizer chest, white panels, transparent sliding doors	940370	0%
49	Walnut storage unit, five-drawer design, metal handles	940350	0%
50	Iron drawer cabinet, black painted, industrial style	940320	0%
51	ABS multi-tier chest, grey material, lockable drawers	940370	0%
52	Pine kitchen storage, dual doors and drawers, solid wood	940340	0%
53	Steel culinary shelf, stainless steel top, metal structure	940320	0%
54	PVC kitchen organizer, white material, waterproof design	940370	0%
55	Oak bathroom shelf, with mirror and dual storage, solid wood	940360	0%
56	Steel bath cabinet, grey painted, open shelving	940320	0%
57	PP washstand, black material, waterproof coating	940370	0%
58	Walnut library rack, five-tier with side panels, solid wood	940360	0%
59	Steel reader shelf, grid structure, black paint	940320	0%
60	PP book storage, white material, three-tier detachable	940370	0%
61	Oak TV shelf, dual doors and drawers, solid wood	940360	0%
62	Steel media stand, open shelving, metal structure	940320	0%
63	PVC entertainment unit, grey material, white minimalist design	940370	0%
64	Pine footwear cabinet, five-tier open design, solid wood	940360	0%
65	Steel shoe organizer, grid structure, tilted shelves	940320	0%
66	ABS footwear rack, black material, three-tier detachable	940370	0%
67	Walnut coat stand, six hooks and round base, solid wood	940360	0%
68	Steel garment rack, black painted, multi-layer hooks	940320	0%
69	PP apparel holder, white material, easy assembly	940370	0%
70	Oak repose bench, blue velvet pad, solid wood frame	940161	0%
71	Steel leisure bench, black leather pad, stainless steel legs	940171	0%
72	PP outdoor bench, grey material, with backrest	940180	0%
73	Pine footrest stool, brown velvet pad, solid wood legs	940161	0%
74	Steel low stool, grey cotton pad, metal base	940171	0%
75	ABS round stool, black material, circular design	940180	0%
76	Walnut Japanese sleeper, grey silk pad, solid wood frame	940161	0%
77	Steel foldable sleeper, black canvas pad, metal frame	940171	0%
78	PP simple sleeper, white material, foldable design	940180	0%
79	Oak tiered bed, with guardrails and ladder, solid wood	940350	0%
80	Steel bunk bed, black painted, dual-layer design	940320	0%
81	ABS layered bed, grey material, with safety rails	940370	0%
82	Pine baby cradle, adjustable base, solid wood frame	940350	0%
83	Steel infant basket, white painted, rocking function	940320	0%
84	PP toddler cot, blue material, detachable side panels	940370	0%
85	Walnut nursery station, dual storage, solid wood frame	940360	0%
86	Steel diaper changer, with safety straps and shelf, metal	940320	0%
87	ABS infant station, white material, waterproof pad	940370	0%
88	Oak toddler perch, no upholstery, with backrest, solid wood	940169	0%
89	Steel child’s seat, black painted, with footrest	940179	0%
90	PP baby chair, grey material, with backrest and armrests	940180	0%
91	Pine play enclosure, with safety gate and mesh, solid wood	940360	0%
92	Steel activity fence, grid structure, foldable design	940320	0%
93	PP kids’ barrier, colorful interlocking panels, plastic	940370	0%
94	Oak terrace chair, waterproof finish and backrest, solid wood	940169	0%
95	Aluminum outdoor seat, rust-resistant coating, metal	940179	0%
96	Polyethylene patio seat, green durable design, plastic frame	940180	0%
97	Pine terrace table, foldable with round top, solid wood	940360	0%
98	Steel outdoor table, black painted, square top	940320	0%
99	PP patio tabletop, white material, UV-resistant coating	940370	0%
100	Oak terrace bench, with backrest and armrests, solid wood	940169	0%

Ultra-Detailed Cost Calculation

Selected Item: Oak dining seat (HS 940161, brown suede upholstery, solid wood frame, 0% duty rate)
Below is a comprehensive cost breakdown from FOB Shenzhen to Canada (Vancouver port as example):

Basic Information:
- FOB Shenzhen Price: CAD 50/unit
- Quantity: 500 units
- Total FOB Value: 50 × 500 = CAD 25,000
- Packaging: Individually packed, ~0.05 m³/unit (50×40×25 cm), 500 units = 25 m³, fits 1 x 40ft container (50 m³ capacity, ~80% efficiency)
- Weight: ~10 kg/unit, total 5000 kg (5 tons)
Shipping Costs (Shenzhen to Vancouver):
- Ocean Freight: CAD 4000 per 40ft container (2025 estimate), CAD 4000 ÷ 500 = CAD 8/unit
- Port Handling (Shenzhen): CAD 100/container, CAD 0.2/unit
- Terminal Handling Charge (THC, Shenzhen): CAD 150/container, CAD 0.3/unit
- Total Shipping Cost: 8 + 0.2 + 0.3 = CAD 8.5/unit
Insurance Costs:
- Insurance Rate: 0.5% of goods value (industry standard)
- Insurance Amount: CAD 25,000 × 0.5% = CAD 125
- Per Unit Insurance: CAD 125 ÷ 500 = CAD 0.25
CIF Value (Cost, Insurance, Freight):
- Per Unit CIF: 50 (FOB) + 8.5 (freight) + 0.25 (insurance) = CAD 58.75
- Total CIF: CAD 58.75 × 500 = CAD 29,375
Customs Duty:
- Duty Rate: 0% (Canada’s MFN rate for HS 940161)
- Duty Per Unit: CAD 58.75 × 0% = CAD 0
- Total Duty: CAD 0
Goods and Services Tax (GST):
- GST Rate: 5% (federal standard rate)
- Taxable Base: CIF = CAD 58.75/unit
- GST Per Unit: CAD 58.75 × 5% = CAD 2.94
- Total GST: CAD 2.94 × 500 = CAD 1,470
- Note: In British Columbia (BC), an additional 7% PST applies, i.e., CAD 58.75 × 7% = CAD 4.11/unit; calculated separately as an example.
Additional Costs (Vancouver Port & Inland):
- Port Handling (THC, Vancouver): CAD 200/container, CAD 0.4/unit
- Customs Broker Fee: CAD 300/shipment, CAD 0.6/unit
- Documentation Fee: CAD 50/shipment, CAD 0.1/unit
- Customs Inspection Fee: CAD 100/shipment (10% chance), CAD 0.2/unit
- Inland Transport (Vancouver to Toronto warehouse): CAD 2000/container (~2000 km), CAD 4/unit
- Warehousing Fee: CAD 1/unit (Toronto warehouse estimate)
- Total Additional Costs Per Unit: 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 4 + 1 = CAD 6.3
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost (GST only): 58.75 (CIF) + 0 (duty) + 2.94 (GST) + 6.3 (other) = CAD 67.99
- Total Amount (GST only): CAD 67.99 × 500 = CAD 33,995
- With PST (BC example): 67.99 + 4.11 (PST) = CAD 72.10/unit, total CAD 36,050

Summary: Each oak dining seat rises from CAD 50 (FOB Shenzhen) to CAD 67.99 (landed cost with GST, 36% increase), or CAD 72.10 in BC with PST (44% increase), driven by GST, PST, and shipping costs.

Ultra-Detailed Considerations for Importing Furniture

Product Compliance:
- Safety Standards: Under the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act (CCPSA), upholstered furniture must meet CAN/ULC-S109 fire standards; children’s furniture must comply with ASTM F1169 (cribs) or ASTM F404 (high chairs).
- Chemical Restrictions: Adhere to the Canadian Chemicals Management Plan (CMP), banning harmful substances (such as excessive lead, formaldehyde).
- Labeling: Include “Made in China,” material details (such as “Oak Wood, Suede”), and fire safety warnings (such as “Complies with CAN/ULC-S109”).
Documentation:
- Commercial Invoice: List item names, HS codes, quantities, unit prices (CAD), total value, and origin.
- Packing List: Specify pieces per box, gross weight (kg), net weight (kg), and volume (m³).
- Bill of Lading (B/L): Show shipper (such as Shenzhen factory), consignee (Canadian importer), and route.
- Certificate of Origin: Optional, confirms Chinese manufacture (such as CCC certificate).
- Business Number (BN): Register with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for customs use.
Shipping and Packaging:
- Packaging: Use moisture-proof wooden pallets and bubble wrap to prevent sea transit damage.
- Transit Time: Shenzhen to Vancouver ~25-35 days; additional 5-7 days to Toronto inland.
- Container Options: 20ft (25 m³, ~5 tons) or 40ft (50 m³, ~10 tons) based on volume.
Customs Clearance:
- Declaration System: Submit via CBSA’s CADEX or Single Window Initiative (SWI).
- Inspections: ~5%-10% chance of random checks; ensure HS codes match goods.
- Broker: Hire a customs broker (such as Livingston, UPS), ~CAD 200-400/shipment.
- Tax Payment: GST paid at entry; PST (if applicable) at sale.
Market and Legal Considerations:
- Intellectual Property: Verify designs avoid patent/trademark issues.
- Sustainability: Canadian consumers favor FSC-certified wood or low-carbon products.
- Exchange Rates: Monitor CAD to CNY rates (such as 1 CAD ≈ 5.2 CNY in 2025) impacting costs.

Enhanced Suggestions

Supplier Selection:
- Partner with BSCI or ISO 9001-certified Chinese factories for quality and labor compliance.
- Request fire safety (such as CAN/ULC-S109) and material test certificates.
Cost Optimization:
- Bulk Purchasing: Fill 40ft containers to reduce shipping to ~CAD 6-7/unit.
- Long-Term Logistics: Sign annual contracts with forwarders (such as Maersk, COSCO) for stable rates.
- FOB Terms: Prefer FOB Shenzhen over CIF to avoid supplier markups.
Market Competitiveness:
- Local Warehousing: Set up warehouses in Vancouver, Toronto, or Montreal for 3-7 day delivery.
- Eco-Friendly Positioning: Use sustainable materials (such as bamboo, recycled plastic) for green appeal.
- Customization: Tailor designs to Canadian preferences (such as Scandinavian style).
Risk Management:
- Purchase full insurance (covering damage, delays, theft), ~0.5%-1% of value.
- Track CBSA policy updates to avoid new tariffs or restrictions.

Trade Preferences Between China and Canada

Current Policy:
- No FTA: As of 2025, no furniture-specific Free Trade Agreement (FTA) exists between China and Canada. WTO MFN rates apply, with all HS 94 furniture at 0% duty.
- GST/PST/HST: 5% GST applies at import; additional PST (such as 7% in BC) or HST (such as 13% in Ontario) varies by province.
- Anti-Dumping: No active anti-dumping duties on Chinese furniture, though precedents (such as US actions) suggest potential risks.
Potential Developments:
- FTA talks began in 2016 but stalled due to political tensions (such as Huawei case). No reactivation by 2025; furniture trade remains without special benefits.
- Canada prioritizes fair trade and supply chain security, which may influence future policies.

Importing furniture from China to Brazil: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Per Brazilian customs data for 2022 (the latest full year), Brazil imported approximately $1.2 billion in furniture from China, accounting for over 50% of its furniture imports.

This article provides a comprehensive guide for Brazilian importers bringing furniture from China, covering HS codes, tariff rates, detailed cost calculations, additional fees, key considerations, and trade policies between China and Brazil.

1.HS Codes and Tariff Rates

Below is a list of common furniture items imported from China to Brazil, with their HS codes (based on the Mercosur NCM system, aligned with international HS codes) and tariff rates. Rates reflect the standard Common External Tariff (CET) but may vary with “ex-tariff” exemptions or other policies.

Furniture Item	HS Code	Description	Tariff Rate (%)
Wooden chairs	9401.61	Upholstered seats with wooden frames	18%
Metal chairs	9401.71	Upholstered seats with metal frames	18%
Wooden office desks	9403.30	Wooden furniture for office use	18%
Metal office desks	9403.10	Metal furniture for office use	18%
Wooden tables	9403.60	Other wooden tables (such as dining, coffee)	18%
Metal tables	9403.20	Other metal tables	18%
Wooden beds	9403.50	Wooden furniture for bedroom use	18%
Metal beds	9403.20	Other metal beds	18%
Mattresses	9404.21	Mattresses of rubber or plastic	18%
Sofas (upholstered)	9401.61	Upholstered sofas with wooden frames	18%
Wooden cabinets	9403.60	Other wooden storage cabinets	18%
Metal cabinets	9403.10	Metal storage cabinets	18%
Plastic furniture	9403.70	Furniture of plastics	18%
Bamboo or rattan furniture	9403.82	Furniture of bamboo	18%
Outdoor wooden furniture	9403.60	Other wooden outdoor furniture	18%
Outdoor metal furniture	9403.20	Other metal outdoor furniture	18%

Notes:

The first 6 digits of the HS code align with international standards; the last 2 are Brazil-specific NCM subcategories.
The 18% rate is the standard CET. If no local production exists, “ex-tariff” exemptions may reduce it to 2%-4%.

2.Example Calculation: Importing Wooden Chairs (HS Code 9401.61)

Below is a detailed breakdown of tariffs and other costs for importing wooden chairs from Guangzhou (FOB) to Brazil. All amounts are in USD.

Details:

FOB Value (Guangzhou): $10,000
Ocean Freight: $1,500
Insurance: $100
Import Duty (II): 18%
IPI (Industrial Product Tax): 10%
PIS (Social Integration Tax): 1.65%
COFINS (Social Security Financing Tax): 7.6%
ICMS (Goods Circulation Tax): 18% (São Paulo rate; varies by state)
AFRMM (Merchant Marine Renewal Fee): 8% (applies to freight only)
SISCOMEX Fee: 185 BRL (≈$33 at 1 USD = 5.6 BRL) + 29.5 BRL per additional item .

Calculation Steps:

CIF Value:

CIF=FOB+Freight+Insurance=10,000+1,500+100=11,600 USD

Import Duty (II):

II=CIF×18%=11,600×0.18=2,088 USD

IPI (Industrial Product Tax):

IPI=(CIF+II)×10%=(11,600+2,088)×0.10=13,688×0.10=1,368.80 USD

PIS and COFINS:

PIS Base = CIF + II = 13,688
COFINS Base = CIF + II = 13,688
PIS=13,688×1.65%=225.85 USDCOFINS=13,688×7.6%=1,040.29 USD\text{COFINS} = 13,688 \times 7.6\% = 1,040.29 \, \text{USD}
COFINS=13,688×7.6%=1,040.29 USD

ICMS (Goods Circulation Tax):

ICMS includes all prior taxes in its base:
ICMS Base=(CIF+II+IPI)÷(1−18%)=(11,600+2,088+1,368.80)÷82=15,056.80÷ 0.82=18,361.95 USD
ICMS=18,361.95×18%=3,305.15 USD

AFRMM (Merchant Marine Renewal Fee):

AFRMM=Freight×8%=1,500×0.08=120 USD

SISCOMEX Fee:

Single item: 185 BRL ≈ $33

Total Landed Cost:

Total=CIF+II+IPI+PIS+COFINS+ICMS+AFRMM+SISCOMEX=11,600+2,088+1,368.80+225.85+1,040.29+3,305.15+120+33=19,781.09 USD

Cost Breakdown:

FOB Value: $10,000
Freight + Insurance: $1,600
Import Duty (II): $2,088
IPI: $1,368.80
PIS: $225.85
COFINS: $1,040.29
ICMS: $3,305.15
AFRMM: $120
SISCOMEX: $33
Total Landed Cost: $19,781.09

Additional Costs (Not Included):

Port Fees: ~$100-$300 (varies by port)
Customs Broker Fees: ~$200-$500
Storage Fees: ~$50-$100/day if clearance is delayed

3.Key Considerations for Importing Furniture

Compliance Requirements:
- Furniture must meet INMETRO (National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology) standards; certification may be required.
- Environmental rules: Wooden furniture needs proof of legal sourcing (such as FSC certification).
Documentation:
- Commercial Invoice (in Portuguese or English, with detailed descriptions)
- Bill of Lading
- Packing List
- Certificate of Origin (optional, proving Chinese origin)
- Import License (required for some furniture types)
Transportation and Logistics:
- Ocean shipping: Guangzhou to Brazil (such as Santos Port) takes 35-50 days.
- Customs clearance: Averages 5.5 days; complete documents prevent delays.
Taxes and Costs:
- Beyond tariffs, IPI, PIS, COFINS, and ICMS are cumulative, significantly raising costs.
- Imports to the Manaus Free Trade Zone (Amazon region) may qualify for tax exemptions.
Supplier Selection:
- Partner with Chinese suppliers experienced in exports, ensuring compliance with Brazilian standards.

4.Suggestions and Recommendations

Hire Professionals: Customs brokers and tax advisors can streamline processes and secure exemptions.
Apply for “Ex-Tariff”: If no local competition exists, this can significantly cut tariffs.
Bulk Imports: Consolidate shipments to reduce freight and handling fees.
Monitor Exchange Rates: The Brazilian Real fluctuates, impacting cost calculations.
Local Assembly: For long-term imports, consider setting up an assembly plant in Brazil for tax benefits.

Importing furniture from China to Brazil is a viable business opportunity but requires meticulous planning. By mastering HS codes, taxes, and logistics, and partnering with experts, you can navigate challenges successfully.

Importing furniture from China to Australia: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Australia typically incurs a tariff ranging from 0% to 5%, depending on the type of furniture and whether it meets the origin rules under the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA). Research indicates that most furniture may qualify for zero tariffs, but compliance with the regulations must be ensured. Additionally, imports are subject to a 10% Goods and Services Tax (GST) and other costs, such as shipping and port fees.

This guide provides Australian importers with in-depth information on sourcing furniture from China, including HS codes, tariff rates, cost estimations, crucial considerations, best practices, and trade regulations under Sino-Australian agreements. More info check here : Australia Furniture Tariff Rates

HS Codes and Tariff Rates

Below are common furniture items imported from China to Australia, with HS codes (aligned with international HS standards) and tariff rates (general and ChAFTA preferential). Data is sourced from the ABF Tariff Schedule (Chapter 94).

Furniture Item	HS Code	Description	General Tariff (%)	ChAFTA Tariff (%)
Wooden chairs (upholstered)	9401.61.00	Upholstered seats with wooden frames	5%	0%
Wooden chairs (non-upholstered)	9401.69.00	Non-upholstered seats with wooden frames	5%	0%
Metal chairs (upholstered)	9401.71.00	Upholstered seats with metal frames	5%	0%
Metal chairs (non-upholstered)	9401.79.00	Non-upholstered seats with metal frames	5%	0%
Wooden office desks	9403.30.00	Wooden furniture for office use (desks)	5%	0%
Metal office desks	9403.10.00	Metal furniture for office use (desks)	5%	0%
Wooden dining tables	9403.60.00	Wooden dining tables	5%	0%
Wooden coffee tables	9403.60.00	Wooden coffee tables	5%	0%
Metal tables	9403.20.00	Other metal tables	5%	0%
Wooden beds	9403.50.00	Wooden bedroom furniture (beds)	5%	0%
Metal beds	9403.20.00	Other metal beds	5%	0%
Mattresses (rubber)	9404.21.00	Mattresses of rubber	5%	0%
Mattresses (spring)	9404.29.00	Mattresses of metal springs	5%	0%
Sofas (wood, upholstered)	9401.61.00	Upholstered sofas with wooden frames	5%	0%
Sofas (metal, upholstered)	9401.71.00	Upholstered sofas with metal frames	5%	0%
Wooden cabinets	9403.60.00	Wooden storage cabinets	5%	0%
Metal cabinets	9403.10.00	Metal storage cabinets	5%	0%
Plastic chairs	9401.80.00	Seats of plastics	5%	0%
Plastic tables	9403.70.00	Furniture of plastics (tables)	5%	0%
Bamboo chairs	9401.53.00	Seats of bamboo	5%	0%
Rattan furniture	9403.89.00	Furniture of rattan	5%	0%
Outdoor wooden tables	9403.60.00	Outdoor wooden tables	5%	0%
Outdoor metal chairs	9401.79.00	Outdoor non-upholstered metal seats	5%	0%

Notes:

HS codes: First 6 digits are international, last 2 are Australia-specific.
General tariff: 5% for non-ChAFTA goods; ChAFTA rate: 0% with a Certificate of Origin.
Source: ABF Tariff Schedule (www.abf.gov.au), Chapter 94.

Example Calculation: Wooden Chairs (HS 9401.61.00) – Tariffs and Other Costs

Below is a detailed cost breakdown for importing upholstered wooden chairs from Guangzhou (FOB).

Details :

FOB Value (Guangzhou): $10,000
Freight (Guangzhou to Sydney): $1,500
Insurance: $100
ChAFTA Tariff: 0% (assuming origin rules met)
GST (Goods and Services Tax): 10% (on CIF + tariff)
Port Fees: $200 (Sydney estimate)
Handling & Clearance Fees: $150 (market average)
Quarantine Treatment Fee: $100 (wood fumigation estimate)

Calculation Steps :

CIF Value (Cost, Insurance, Freight):

CIF = 10,000 + 1,500 + 100 = 11,600USD

Import Duty:

Duty = 11,600 * 0% = 0 USD

GST (Goods and Services Tax):

GST=(11,600+0)×10%=11,600×0.10=1,160 USD

Total Cost (Including Additional Fees):

Total Cost=11,600+0+1,160+200+150+100=13,210 USD

Cost Breakdown :

FOB Value: $10,000
Freight + Insurance: $1,600
Duty: $0
GST: $1,160
Port Fees: $200
Handling & Clearance Fees: $150
Quarantine Treatment Fee: $100
Total Landed Cost: $13,210

Note : If ChAFTA rules aren’t met, a 5% tariff adds $580 (11,600 × 5%).

Key Considerations for Importing Furniture

Regulations and Certifications:
- Furniture must meet Australian safety standards (such as AS/NZS), with labeling requirements.
- Wooden furniture requires quarantine compliance (AQIS), possibly fumigation or heat treatment.
Documentation:
- Commercial Invoice (detailed), Bill of Lading, Packing List.
- ChAFTA Certificate of Origin (Form A or declaration).
Logistics and Clearance:
- Shipping time: 30-40 days (Guangzhou to Sydney).
- Clearance time: 3-7 days, contingent on complete documents.
Taxes and Costs:
- GST: 10% on CIF + tariff.
- Low-value goods (≤AUD 1,000) may be exempt from duty and GST, but commercial imports have exceptions.

Trade Policies Between China and Australia

Current Status: The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA), effective since December 20, 2015, grants zero tariffs on most furniture imports.
Condition: Requires proof of origin (such as Certificate of Origin) to qualify.

Importing furniture from China to India: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

China and India are members of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), which reduces the BCD for furniture (such as HS 9403) from 20% to 10%. A certificate of origin is required to avail this benefit.

Importing furniture from China to India involves intricate tariff calculations, HS code classifications, and trade policies. As a global furniture manufacturing hub, China offers India a wide range of options, but importers must grasp detailed tax rates, cost components, and compliance needs. check the newest tariff rates here: India furniture tariff rates

Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

Furniture falls under HS Chapter 94. Below are common items, their HS codes, and tariff rates for imports from China to India, including BCD (with APTA preference), SWS, and IGST, sourced from the Indian Customs tariff schedule (www.cbic.gov.in).

Furniture Item	HS Code	BCD (APTA Rate)	SWS (10% of BCD)	IGST
Wooden dining table	9403.60.90	10%	1%	18%
Wooden chair	9401.69.00	10%	1%	18%
Wooden bed	9403.50.90	10%	1%	18%
Metal bed frame	9403.20.90	10%	1%	18%
Plastic cabinet	9403.70.00	10%	1%	18%
Bamboo shelf	9403.82.00	10%	1%	18%
Rattan sofa	9401.53.00	10%	1%	18%
Glass coffee table	9403.89.00	10%	1%	18%
Leather office chair	9401.31.00	10%	1%	18%
Outdoor metal table	9403.20.10	10%	1%	18%

Notes:

BCD: MFN rate is 20%, but APTA reduces it to 10% for China.
SWS: 10% of BCD, i.e., 1%.
IGST: 18% across all listed categories.

Tariff and Cost Calculation Example: Wooden Chair

Below is a detailed calculation for a wooden chair (HS 9401.69.00) from Guangzhou (FOB) to India, using INR and including all cost components.

Details

FOB price (Guangzhou): $500
Exchange rate: 1 USD = 83 INR (assumed for 2025)
Freight cost: $40
Insurance: $10
Port clearance fee (India): 500 INR
Local transport & handling: 1,000 INR
Destination port: Mumbai

Calculation Steps

1.Convert FOB to INR:

FOB INR=500 USD×83=41,500 INR

2.Calculate Freight and Insurance (INR):

Insurance=10 USD×83=830 INRFreight=40 USD×83=3,320 INR
Insurance=10 USD×83=830 INR

3.Calculate CIF Price (INR):

CIF=FOB+Freight+Insurance=41,500+3,320+830=45,650 INR

4.Calculate BCD:

BCD=CIF×10%=45,650×0.10=4,565 INR

5.Calculate SWS:

SWS=BCD×10%=4,565×0.10=456.50 INR

6.Calculate Assessable Value (for IGST):

Assessable Value=CIF+BCD+SWS=45,650+4,565+456.50=50,671.50 INR

7.Calculate IGST:

IGST=Assessable Value×18%=50,671.50×0.18=9,120.87 INR

8.Calculate Total Duty and Taxes:

Total Duty & Taxes=BCD+SWS+IGST=4,565+456.50+9,120.87=14,142.37 INR

9.Calculate Total Landed Cost:

Total Landed Cost=CIF+Total Duty & Taxes+Clearance+Local Transport=45,650+14,142.37+500+1,000=61,292.37 INR

Cost Breakdown

FOB price (Guangzhou): 41,500 INR ($500)
Freight: 3,320 INR ($40)
Insurance: 830 INR ($10)
CIF price: 45,650 INR
BCD (10%): 4,565 INR
SWS (1%): 456.50 INR
IGST (18%): 9,120.87 INR
Total duty & taxes: 14,142.37 INR
Clearance fee: 500 INR
Local transport & handling: 1,000 INR
Total landed cost: 61,292.37 INR

Considerations and Suggestions

Key points to note when importing furniture from China to India:

Considerations

Quality Certification: Furniture must comply with BIS standards; wood or metal items may require test reports.
Phytosanitary Requirements: Wooden furniture needs a fumigation certificate per the Plant Quarantine Order 2003.
Documentation: Include invoice, packing list, bill of lading, APTA Form B, and insurance; incomplete papers may delay clearance.
Anti-Dumping Risk: Check CBIC notices for anti-dumping duties on specific Chinese furniture.
Port Delays: Major ports like Mumbai or Chennai may face congestion, especially during peak seasons.
Packaging: Ensure moisture-proof and shock-resistant packing, given India’s monsoon risks.

Suggestions

Bulk Imports: Consolidate shipments to reduce per-unit freight and clearance costs.
Negotiate FOB: Secure lower prices from Chinese suppliers.
Port Selection: Opt for Chennai or Kolkata for potentially lower fees.
Pre-Check Rates: Use ICEIGATE for current tariffs.

Importing furniture from China to Nigeria( HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation)

Nigeria imported approximately $500 million (800 billion NGN) in furniture from China in 2022, rising to an estimated $550 million (880 billion NGN) in 2023, accounting for over 60% of its furniture imports. Key categories include wooden furniture (HS 9403) and seating (HS 9401).

Importing furniture from China to Nigeria is a complex yet promising trade process, involving customs duties, value-added tax, port fees, and logistics arrangements. As one of Africa’s largest economies, Nigeria’s demand for furniture is steadily rising, with China being a key supplier due to its manufacturing capacity and competitive pricing.

This article details HS codes and tariff rates for common furniture items, calculates duties and costs for a wooden chair (FOB Guangzhou), and explores import considerations, optimization suggestions and China-Nigeria trade policies.

Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

Nigeria adheres to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Common External Tariff (CET) framework, classifying furniture under HS Chapter 94. Tariffs comprise Basic Customs Duty (BCD) and Value Added Tax (VAT). Below are common furniture items, HS codes, and rates based on the assumed 2025 CET policy:

Furniture Item	HS Code	Basic Customs Duty (BCD)	Value Added Tax (VAT)	Total Effective Rate	Remarks
Wooden chair	9401.60.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Wooden-framed seating
Wooden dining table	9403.60.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Other wooden furniture
Wooden bed	9403.50.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Bedroom wooden furniture
Metal bed frame	9403.20.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Metal furniture
Plastic cabinet	9403.70.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Plastic furniture
Bamboo shelf	9403.80.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Bamboo or similar material
Rattan sofa	9401.53.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Rattan seating
Glass coffee table	9403.89.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Furniture of other materials
Leather office chair	9401.31.00	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Leather or synthetic leather
Outdoor metal table	9403.20.10	20%	7.5%	27.5%	Outdoor metal furniture

Notes:

BCD: Per ECOWAS CET, furniture as “finished goods” incurs a uniform 20% rate.
VAT: Adjusted to 7.5% since the 2019 Finance Act, calculated on CIF plus BCD.
Total Effective Rate: Combined impact of BCD and VAT, equating to 27.5% of CIF value (20% + 7.5% × (1 + 20%)).

Tariff and Cost Calculation Example: Wooden Chair

Below is a detailed calculation for importing a wooden chair (HS 9401.60.00) from Guangzhou (FOB) to Lagos Apapa Port, using Naira (NGN) and including all potential costs.

Details

FOB price (Guangzhou): $500
Exchange rate: 1 USD = 1600 NGN (March 2025 assumption, reflecting Naira depreciation)
Freight cost: $50 (estimated for a 20ft container single item)
Insurance: 1% of CIF value
Port clearance fee: 15,000 NGN (Lagos average)
Local transport & handling: 10,000 NGN (port to warehouse)
Other fees: ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS) levy of 0.5% (CIF value)
Destination: Lagos Apapa Port

Calculation Steps

Convert FOB to NGN:

FOB NGN=500 USD×1600=800,000 NGN

Calculate Freight and Insurance:
- Freight: 50 USD×1600=80,000 NGN
- Preliminary CIF: 800,000+80,000=880,000 NGN
- Insurance: 880,000×1%=8,800 NGN
- CIF Price: 880,000+8,800=888,800 NGN
Calculate BCD:

BCD=CIF×20%=888,800×0.20=177,760 NGN

Calculate ETLS Levy:

ETLS=CIF×0.5%=888,800×0.005=4,444 NGN

Calculate VAT Base:

VAT Base=CIF+BCD=888,800+177,760=1,066,560 NGN

Calculate VAT:

VAT=VAT Base×7.5%=1,066,560×0.075=79,992 NGN

Calculate Total Duty and Taxes:

Total Duty & Taxes=BCD+ETLS+VAT=177,760+4,444+79,992=262,196 NGN

Calculate Total Landed Cost:

Total Landed Cost=CIF+Total Duty & Taxes+Clearance+Transport=888,800+262,196+15,000+10,000=1,175,996 NGN

Cost Breakdown

FOB price (Guangzhou): 800,000 NGN ($500)
Freight: 80,000 NGN ($50)
Insurance: 8,800 NGN (1% of CIF)
CIF price: 888,800 NGN
BCD (20%): 177,760 NGN
ETLS levy (0.5%): 4,444 NGN
VAT (7.5%): 79,992 NGN
Total duty & taxes: 262,196 NGN
Port clearance fee: 15,000 NGN
Local transport & handling: 10,000 NGN
Total landed cost: 1,175,996 NGN

Import Considerations and Suggestions

Key considerations for importing furniture from China to Nigeria:

Considerations

Quality & Compliance: Furniture must meet Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) safety and quality standards; wooden items require pest-free certification (such as fumigation certificate).
Documentation: Submit complete documents, including commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, insurance, and Form M (mandatory import document via banks).
HS Code Accuracy: Misclassification can lead to fines or seizure; verify with freight forwarders.
Forex Restrictions: The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) limits forex access for some goods; ensure furniture is not restricted.
Port Efficiency: Lagos ports (such as Apapa) often face congestion, requiring extra time and potential demurrage fees.
Prohibited Items: Check NCS import prohibition list (customs.gov.ng); used furniture may be restricted.

Importing furniture from China to South Africa: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to South Africa is a lucrative yet intricate trade endeavor, encompassing customs duties, taxes, transportation costs, port fees, and stringent compliance requirements. As a leading African economy, South Africa sees rising furniture demand, particularly in residential, office, and commercial sectors, with China as a dominant supplier due to its vast production capacity, affordability, and variety.

Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

South Africa employs the Harmonized System (HS) for import classification, with furniture under Chapter 94. Tariffs include Customs Duty and Value Added Tax (VAT). Below are common furniture items, HS codes, and rates:

Furniture Item	HS Code	Customs Duty	VAT	Remarks
Wooden dining table	9403.60.00	20%	15%	Other wooden furniture
Wooden chair (non-upholstered)	9401.69.00	20%	15%	Non-upholstered wooden-framed seating
Wooden chair (upholstered)	9401.61.00	20%	15%	Upholstered wooden-framed seating
Wooden bed	9403.50.00	20%	15%	Bedroom wooden furniture
Metal bed frame	9403.20.00	20%	15%	Other metal furniture
Plastic cabinet	9403.70.00	20%	15%	Plastic furniture
Bamboo shelf	9403.82.00	20%	15%	Bamboo or similar plant material furniture
Rattan sofa	9401.53.00	20%	15%	Rattan or similar material seating
Glass coffee table	9403.89.00	20%	15%	Furniture of other materials (such as glass)
Leather office chair	9401.31.00	20%	15%	Leather/synthetic leather swivel seating
Outdoor metal table	9403.20.10	20%	15%	Outdoor metal furniture
Wooden bookcase	9403.30.00	20%	15%	Office wooden furniture
Upholstered sofa (non-rattan)	9401.71.00	20%	15%	Upholstered metal-framed seating

Detailed Notes:

Customs Duty: 20% on most furniture under Chapter 94, applied to CIF value (Cost + Insurance + Freight) for MFN countries like China.
VAT: 15% since 1991, calculated on CIF plus Customs Duty.
Exceptions: Anti-dumping duties or temporary measures via ITAC may apply; requires separate confirmation.

Tariff and Cost Calculation Example: Wooden Dining Table

Below is an exhaustive calculation for importing a wooden dining table (HS 9403.60.00) from Guangzhou (FOB) to Cape Town Port, using South African Rand (ZAR) with all possible cost components.

Details

FOB price (Guangzhou): $500
Exchange rate: 1 USD = 18.50 ZAR (March 2025 projection based on trends)
Freight cost: $60 (20ft container single-item estimate)
Insurance: 1.5% of CIF (common South Africa standard)
Port clearance fee: 600 ZAR (Cape Town average)
Local transport & handling: 1,200 ZAR (port to warehouse)
Additional fee: Port storage (2 days delay, 200 ZAR/day)
Destination: Cape Town Port

Calculation Steps

Convert FOB to ZAR:

FOB ZAR=500 USD×18.50=9,250 ZAR

Calculate Freight and Insurance:
- Freight: 60 USD×18.50=1,110 ZAR
- Preliminary CIF: 9,250+1,110=10,360 ZAR
- Insurance: 10,360×1.5%=155.40 ZAR
- CIF Price: 10,360+155.40=10,515.40 ZAR
Calculate Customs Duty:

Customs Duty=CIF×20%=10,515.40×0.20=2,103.08 ZAR

Calculate VAT Base:

VAT Base=CIF+Customs Duty=10,515.40+2,103.08=12,618.48 ZAR

Calculate VAT:

VAT=VAT Base×15%=12,618.48×0.15=1,892.77 ZAR

Calculate Total Duty and Taxes:

Total Duty & Taxes=2,103.08+1,892.77=3,995.85 ZAR

Calculate Total Landed Cost:
- Port storage: 200 ZAR/day×2=400 ZAR
- Total local fees: 600+1,200+400=2,200 ZAR
- Total Landed Cost: 10,515.40+3,995.85+2,200=16,711.25 ZAR

Cost Breakdown

FOB price: 9,250 ZAR ($500)
Freight: 1,110 ZAR ($60)
Insurance: 155.40 ZAR (1.5% of CIF)
CIF Price: 10,515.40 ZAR
Customs Duty (20%): 2,103.08 ZAR
VAT (15%): 1,892.77 ZAR
Total Duty & Taxes: 3,995.85 ZAR
Port clearance fee: 600 ZAR
Local transport & handling: 1,200 ZAR
Port storage (2 days): 400 ZAR
Total Local Fees: 2,200 ZAR
Total Landed Cost: 16,711.25 ZAR

Import Considerations and Suggestions

Detailed considerations for importing furniture from China to South Africa:

Considerations

1. Quality & Compliance:
  - Furniture must adhere to South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) safety and quality norms; wooden items require fumigation certificates to prove pest-free status.
  - Materials like leather may need environmental compliance per South African regulations.
2. Documentation:
  - Essential documents: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading, Insurance Policy, Certificate of Origin.
  - SARS mandates consistency between documents and goods to avoid delays or penalties.
3. HS Code Accuracy:
  - Misclassification risks incorrect tariffs or seizure; verify via SARS online tools or freight forwarders.
4. Anti-Dumping Risks:
  - ITAC may impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese furniture (such as wooden items); check www.itac.org.za for updates.
5. Port & Logistics:
  - Cape Town and Durban are primary ports; Durban’s congestion may increase storage costs.
  - Shipping time from Guangzhou to South Africa (25-35 days) requires planning.
6. Forex Volatility:
  - ZAR fluctuates significantly (such as 18-19 ZAR/USD in 2023), impacting costs.

Importing furniture from China to United States: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

In February 2025, the U.S. government announced a new policy imposing an additional 10% tariff on all goods imported from China, which officially took effect on March 4, 2025. This measure is based on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and aims to address issues such as illegal immigration and the influx of fentanyl and other drugs into the United States. The additional 10% tariff applies to all Chinese goods, including furniture, and is levied on top of the existing Section 301 tariffs.

After March 4, 2025, U.S. tariffs on furniture imported from China have indeed increased. The updated tariff rate now consists of the MFN tariff rate + Section 301 tariff (such as 25% or 7.5%) + an additional 10% tariff. Importers should closely monitor the latest announcements from the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) to determine the specific tariff rates for different furniture categories and adjust their import strategies accordingly.

This tariff increase will significantly raise the cost of importing furniture from China to USA. For example, take a rubber foam mattress—assuming an FOB Guangzhou price of $100 per unit, the total cost, including shipping, customs clearance, and other fees, could rise from $100 to $159.57, representing an increase of approximately 59.57%.

Updated Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tax Rates

Below is the updated list of 100 furniture items with their HS codes and tax rates, incorporating the Most Favored Nation (MFN) rates, Section 301 tariffs (assuming List 3 at 25% or List 4A at 7.5%), and the additional 10% tariff effective March 4, 2025.

No.	Item Name	HS Code	MFN Rate	Section 301 Tariff	Additional 10% Tariff	Total Tax Rate
1	Wooden dining chair	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
2	Metal dining chair	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
3	Plastic dining chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
4	Wooden office chair	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
5	Metal office chair	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
6	Plastic office chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
7	Wooden sofa	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
8	Metal sofa	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
9	Plastic sofa	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
10	Wooden bed frame	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
11	Metal bed frame	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
12	Plastic bed frame	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
13	Wooden wardrobe	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
14	Metal wardrobe	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
15	Plastic wardrobe	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
16	Wooden chest of drawers	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
17	Metal chest of drawers	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
18	Plastic chest of drawers	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
19	Wooden coffee table	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
20	Metal coffee table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
21	Glass coffee table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
22	Wooden dining table	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
23	Metal dining table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
24	Glass dining table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
25	Wooden bookshelf	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
26	Metal bookshelf	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
27	Plastic bookshelf	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
28	Wooden TV stand	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
29	Metal TV stand	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
30	Plastic TV stand	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
31	Wooden desk	940330	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
32	Metal desk	940310	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
33	Plastic desk	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
34	Wooden nightstand	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
35	Metal nightstand	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
36	Plastic nightstand	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
37	Wooden armchair	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
38	Metal armchair	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
39	Plastic armchair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
40	Wooden recliner	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
41	Metal recliner	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
42	Plastic recliner	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
43	Wooden ottoman	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
44	Metal ottoman	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
45	Plastic ottoman	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
46	Wooden bench	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
47	Metal bench	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
48	Plastic bench	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
49	Wooden bar stool	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
50	Metal bar stool	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
51	Plastic bar stool	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
52	Wooden kitchen cabinet	940340	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
53	Metal kitchen cabinet	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
54	Plastic kitchen cabinet	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
55	Wooden bathroom vanity	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
56	Metal bathroom vanity	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
57	Plastic bathroom vanity	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
58	Wooden shoe rack	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
59	Metal shoe rack	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
60	Plastic shoe rack	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
61	Wooden hall tree	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
62	Metal hall tree	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
63	Plastic hall tree	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
64	Wooden rocking chair	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
65	Metal rocking chair	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
66	Plastic rocking chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
67	Wooden futon	940161	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
68	Metal futon	940171	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
69	Plastic futon	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
70	Wooden bunk bed	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
71	Metal bunk bed	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
72	Plastic bunk bed	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
73	Wooden crib	940350	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
74	Metal crib	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
75	Plastic crib	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
76	Wooden changing table	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
77	Metal changing table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
78	Plastic changing table	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
79	Wooden high chair	940169	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
80	Metal high chair	940179	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
81	Plastic high chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
82	Wooden playpen	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
83	Metal playpen	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
84	Plastic playpen	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
85	Rubber foam mattress	940421	3.7%	7.5% (List 4A)	10%	21.2%
86	Mattress of other materials	940429	3.7%	7.5% (List 4A)	10%	21.2%
87	Pillow	940490	4.7%	7.5% (List 4A)	10%	22.2%
88	Cushion	940490	4.7%	7.5% (List 4A)	10%	22.2%
89	Wooden patio chair	940169	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
90	Metal patio chair	940179	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
91	Plastic patio chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
92	Wooden patio table	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
93	Metal patio table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
94	Plastic patio table	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
95	Wooden folding chair	940169	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
96	Metal folding chair	940179	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
97	Plastic folding chair	940180	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
98	Wooden folding table	940360	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
99	Metal folding table	940320	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%
100	Plastic folding table	940370	0%	25% (List 3)	10%	35%

Update Notes

Base MFN Rates: Sourced from the latest U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) data. Most furniture items have a 0% MFN rate, except mattresses (HS 940421, 940429) at 3.7% and bedding items like pillows and cushions (HS 940490) at 4.7%.
Section 301 Tariffs:
- Most furniture items (such as HS 9401, 9403) are assumed to fall under List 3, incurring a 25% tariff.
- Mattresses and bedding (such as HS 9404) are assumed to fall under List 4A, incurring a 7.5% tariff.
- The specific applicable list must be verified with the latest USTR announcement.
Additional 10% Tariff: Effective March 4, 2025, this applies to all Chinese furniture imports with no explicit exclusions.
Total Tax Rate: Calculated as MFN Rate + Section 301 Tariff + Additional 10%. For example, wooden dining chairs have a total rate of 35%, while mattresses have a total rate of 21.2%.

Sample Calculation: Tariffs and Other Costs for Wooden Dining Chair (HS 940161)

Selected Item: Wooden dining chair (HS 940161)
Below is a detailed cost breakdown from FOB Guangzhou to Los Angeles, based on the tariff policy effective March 4, 2025:

Basic Information:
- FOB Guangzhou Price: $50/unit
- Quantity: 500 units
- Total FOB Value: $50 × 500 = $25,000
- Packaging: 0.1 m³/unit, total 50 m³, requiring 2 x 40ft containers (~28 m³ each)
- Weight: 10 kg/unit, total 5,000 kg (5 tons)
Shipping and Insurance Costs:
- Ocean Freight: $3,000/container, 2 containers = $6,000, $12/unit
- Port Handling Fee (Guangzhou): $100/container, 2 containers = $200, $0.4/unit
- Insurance: 0.5% of value, $25,000 × 0.5% = $125, $0.25/unit
- CIF Price: $50 + $12 + $0.4 + $0.25 = $62.65/unit
- Total CIF Value: $62.65 × 500 = $31,325
Tariff Calculation:
- MFN Rate: 0% (HS 940161 base rate)
- Section 301 Tariff (List 3): 25%, $62.65 × 25% = $15.66/unit
- Additional 10% Tariff (effective March 4, 2025): $62.65 × 10% = $6.27/unit
- Total Tariff: $15.66 + $6.27 = $21.93/unit
- Total Tariff Amount: $21.93 × 500 = $10,965
Other Costs (Los Angeles Port & Inland):
- Port Handling Fee (THC): $150/container, 2 containers = $300, $0.6/unit
- Customs Clearance Fee: $200/shipment, $0.4/unit
- Documentation Fee: $50/shipment, $0.1/unit
- Customs Inspection Fee: $100/shipment (assuming 10% inspection), $0.2/unit
- Inland Transport (Los Angeles to Chicago, ~2000 miles): $600/container, 2 containers = $1,200, $2.4/unit
- Warehousing Fee: $1/unit (Chicago warehouse estimate)
- Total Additional Costs: $0.6 + $0.4 + $0.1 + $0.2 + $2.4 + $1 = $4.7/unit
- Total Additional Amount: $4.7 × 500 = $2,350
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost: $62.65 (CIF) + $21.93 (tariff) + $4.7 (other) = $89.28
- Total Amount: $89.28 × 500 = $44,640

Each wooden dining chair increases from $50 (FOB Guangzhou) to $89.28, a 78.56% rise, primarily due to the 25% Section 301 tariff and the additional 10% tariff, plus shipping and clearance costs.

Considerations for Importing Furniture

Regulatory Compliance:
- Fire Safety Standards: Comply with California TB117-2013 for upholstered furniture.
- Timber Regulations: Adhere to the Lacey Act, requiring proof of legal timber sourcing (such as FSC certification).
- Chemical Limits: Ensure compliance with EPA standards for formaldehyde and other substances.
Documentation:
- Commercial invoice (with HS code, description), packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin.
- Submit USTR exclusion request if seeking tariff relief.
Shipping and Packaging:
- Use moisture-proof, shock-resistant packaging (such as foam padding and wooden pallets).
- Plan shipping time (20-30 days from Guangzhou to Los Angeles) and choose appropriate containers (20ft or 40ft).
Customs Clearance:
- Engage a customs broker (such as UPS Customs Brokerage), costing ~$150-300/shipment. Or search it from Google.com “local Customs Brokerage ”.
- Expect 5%-10% of goods to be inspected; ensure HS codes match items.

Trade Preferences Between China and the U.S.

Current Status: No furniture-specific Free Trade Agreement (FTA) exists between China and the U.S.; MFN rates apply.
Section 301 and Additional Tariffs: Current policies increase tariff burdens, with wooden furniture at 35% and mattresses at 21.2%.
Developments: Monitor USTR exclusion list updates for potential relief, but as of March 4, 2025, no new incentives exist.
Verification New tariff rates: check here to get the newest tariff rates US Furniture tariff rates

Importing furniture from China to New Zealand: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

New Zealand typically imports furniture from China at a 0% tariff rate under the NZCFTA, but a 15% GST applies and New Zealand imports about NZD 500-600 million in furniture from China annually, accounting for over 40% of total imports.

Detailed List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

Below is a list of furniture items, their HS codes (6-digit), and tariff rates for imports from China to New Zealand, covering HS 9401 (seats), 9402 (medical furniture), and 9403 (other furniture). Under the NZCFTA, most furniture items have a 0% tariff rate, though a 15% GST applies. Item descriptions include material, purpose, and design details for precise classification.

No.	Item Name and Description	HS Code	Tariff Rate
1	Wooden aircraft seat, leather cushioned, oak frame	940110	0%
2	Metal car seat, fabric cushioned, aluminum alloy structure	940120	0%
3	Plastic adjustable height chair, polypropylene, office use	940130	0%
4	Bamboo garden chair, no cushion, outdoor use	940140	0%
5	Wooden dining chair, velvet cushioned, walnut	940151	0%
6	Wooden office chair, no cushion, pine	940159	0%
7	Metal sofa, leather cushioned, steel frame	940161	0%
8	Metal armchair, no cushion, iron	940169	0%
9	Plastic rocking chair, fabric cushioned, PVC	940171	0%
10	Plastic bench, no cushion, polypropylene	940179	0%
11	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
12	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
13	Dental chair, rotating function, metal	940210	0%
14	Barber chair, adjustable height, plastic	940210	0%
15	Medical bed, mechanical device, wooden frame	940290	0%
16	Operating table, metal, adjustable height	940290	0%
17	Veterinary examination table, plastic, wheeled	940290	0%
18	Other medical furniture, wooden, with storage	940290	0%
19	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, steel	940310	0%
20	Other metal furniture, iron bookshelf, industrial style	940320	0%
21	Wooden office desk, with drawers, oak	940330	0%
22	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, pine	940340	0%
23	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, walnut	940350	0%
24	Other wooden furniture, coffee table, oak	940360	0%
25	Plastic furniture, office use, PVC material	940370	0%
26	Mattress support, metal, with springs	940381	0%
27	Other furniture, wooden TV stand, open shelves	940389	0%
28	Furniture parts, wooden, headboard	940390	0%
29	Wooden bar stool, leather cushioned, oak	940151	0%
30	Metal conference chair, no cushion, aluminum alloy	940169	0%
31	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, green	940179	0%
32	Wooden rocking chair, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
33	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, steel	940161	0%
34	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with backrest	940179	0%
35	Wooden seat, wooden frame, indoor use	940180	0%
36	Other seats, plastic frame, outdoor use	940190	0%
37	Dental chair, electric lift, metal	940210	0%
38	Barber chair, rotating function, plastic	940210	0%
39	Hospital bed, mechanical device, wooden	940290	0%
40	Operating table, metal, adjustable angle	940290	0%
41	Veterinary examination table, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
42	Other medical furniture, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
43	Metal office furniture, locking drawers, steel	940310	0%
44	Other metal furniture, aluminum wardrobe, modern style	940320	0%
45	Wooden office desk, with keyboard tray, oak	940330	0%
46	Wooden kitchen cabinet, with drawers, pine	940340	0%
47	Wooden bedroom furniture, with nightstand, walnut	940350	0%
48	Other wooden furniture, bookshelf, five-tier design	940360	0%
49	Plastic furniture, storage cabinet, PVC material	940370	0%
50	Mattress support, wooden, with springs	940381	0%
51	Other furniture, plastic TV stand, white minimalist	940389	0%
52	Furniture parts, metal, bed legs	940390	0%
53	Wooden sofa, velvet cushioned, oak	940151	0%
54	Metal office chair, leather cushioned, steel	940161	0%
55	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, yellow	940179	0%
56	Wooden bench, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
57	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
58	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with armrests	940179	0%
59	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
60	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
61	Dental chair, hydraulic lift, metal	940210	0%
62	Barber chair, rotating function, wooden	940210	0%
63	Hospital bed, electric device, metal	940290	0%
64	Operating table, wooden, adjustable height	940290	0%
65	Veterinary examination table, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
66	Other medical furniture, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
67	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, aluminum	940310	0%
68	Other metal furniture, steel shoe rack, industrial style	940320	0%
69	Wooden office desk, with drawers, pine	940330	0%
70	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, oak	940340	0%
71	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, pine	940350	0%
72	Other wooden furniture, TV stand, walnut	940360	0%
73	Plastic furniture, bookshelf, PVC material	940370	0%
74	Mattress support, metal, adjustable function	940381	0%
75	Other furniture, wooden display cabinet, with glass door	940389	0%
76	Furniture parts, plastic, drawer slides	940390	0%
77	Wooden armchair, leather cushioned, oak	940151	0%
78	Metal office chair, mesh cushioned, steel	940161	0%
79	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, red	940179	0%
80	Wooden ottoman, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
81	Metal recliner, leather cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
82	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with backrest	940179	0%
83	Wooden seat, wooden frame, indoor use	940180	0%
84	Other seats, plastic frame, outdoor use	940190	0%
85	Dental chair, electric lift, metal	940210	0%
86	Barber chair, rotating function, plastic	940210	0%
87	Hospital bed, mechanical device, wooden	940290	0%
88	Operating table, metal, adjustable angle	940290	0%
89	Veterinary examination table, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
90	Other medical furniture, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
91	Metal office furniture, locking drawers, steel	940310	0%
92	Other metal furniture, aluminum wardrobe, modern style	940320	0%
93	Wooden office desk, with keyboard tray, oak	940330	0%
94	Wooden kitchen cabinet, with drawers, pine	940340	0%
95	Wooden bedroom furniture, with nightstand, walnut	940350	0%
96	Other wooden furniture, bookshelf, five-tier design	940360	0%
97	Plastic furniture, storage cabinet, PVC material	940370	0%
98	Mattress support, wooden, with springs	940381	0%
99	Other furniture, plastic TV stand, white minimalist	940389	0%
100	Furniture parts, metal, bed legs	940390	0%
101	Wooden sofa, velvet cushioned, oak	940151	0%
102	Metal office chair, leather cushioned, steel	940161	0%
103	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, yellow	940179	0%
104	Wooden bench, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
105	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
106	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with armrests	940179	0%
107	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
108	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
109	Dental chair, hydraulic lift, metal	940210	0%
110	Barber chair, rotating function, wooden	940210	0%
111	Hospital bed, electric device, metal	940290	0%
112	Operating table, wooden, adjustable height	940290	0%
113	Veterinary examination table, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
114	Other medical furniture, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
115	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, aluminum	940310	0%
116	Other metal furniture, steel shoe rack, industrial style	940320	0%
117	Wooden office desk, with drawers, pine	940330	0%
118	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, oak	940340	0%
119	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, pine	940350	0%
120	Other wooden furniture, TV stand, walnut	940360	0%

Example Calculation: Detailed Cost Breakdown for Wooden Dining Chair (HS 940151)

Below is a detailed cost calculation from FOB Guangzhou to Auckland, New Zealand:

Basic Information:
- FOB Guangzhou Price: $50/unit
- Quantity: 500 units
- Total FOB Value: $50 × 500 = $25,000
- Packaging: 0.1 m³/unit, total 50 m³, requiring 2 x 40ft containers (~28 m³ each)
- Weight: 10 kg/unit, total 5,000 kg
Shipping and Insurance Costs:
- Ocean Freight: $2,500 per 40ft container, 2 containers = $5,000, $10/unit
- Port Handling Fee (Guangzhou): $100/container, 2 containers = $200, $0.40/unit
- Insurance: 0.5% of value, $25,000 × 0.5% = $125, $0.25/unit
- CIF Price: $50 + $10 + $0.40 + $0.25 = $60.65/unit
- Total CIF Value: $60.65 × 500 = $30,325
Tariff Calculation:
- Tariff Rate: 0% (NZCFTA benefit)
- Tariff Amount: $0
GST (Goods and Services Tax):
- GST Rate: 15% (New Zealand standard rate)
- Taxable Base: CIF = $60.65/unit
- GST Amount: $60.65 × 15% ≈ $9.10/unit
- Total GST: $9.10 × 500 = $4,550
Other Costs (Auckland Port and Inland):
- Port Handling Fee (THC): $150/container, 2 containers = $300, $0.60/unit
- Customs Brokerage Fee: $200/shipment, $0.40/unit
- Documentation Fee: $50/shipment, $0.10/unit
- Inland Transport (Auckland to Auckland warehouse, ~50 km): $500/container, 2 containers = $1,000, $2/unit
- Warehousing Fee: $1/unit (Auckland warehouse estimate)
- Total Additional Costs: $0.60 + $0.40 + $0.10 + $2 + $1 = $4.10/unit
- Total Additional Amount: $4.10 × 500 = $2,050
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost: $60.65 (CIF) + $0 (tariff) + $9.10 (GST) + $4.10 (other) = $73.85
- Total Amount: $73.85 × 500 = $36,925

Each wooden dining chair increases from $50 (FOB Guangzhou) to $73.85, a rise of approximately 47.7%, primarily due to GST and transportation-related costs.

Considerations for Importing Furniture

Regulatory Compliance:
- Fire Safety Standards: Ensure furniture complies with New Zealand Standard NZS 4512, especially for upholstered items regarding flame resistance.
- Timber Sourcing: Adhere to New Zealand environmental regulations, ensuring legal timber sourcing (such as FSC certification).
- Chemical Restrictions: Check formaldehyde and other chemical levels to meet New Zealand health and safety standards.
Documentation:
- Provide a commercial invoice (including HS code and description), packing list, bill of lading, and certificate of origin.
- For specific materials (such as timber), additional certifications (such as phytosanitary certificate) may be required.
Shipping and Packaging:
- Use moisture-proof and shock-resistant packaging (such as foam padding and wooden pallets) to prevent damage during sea transport.
- Shipping time is approximately 2-3 weeks; plan inventory accordingly, choosing between 20ft (18 m³) or 40ft (28 m³) containers.
Customs Clearance:
- Hire a professional customs broker (such as DHL or FedEx), with fees around NZD 200-400 per shipment. Or Search local a clearance agent from Google.com.
- Approximately 5%-10% of goods may be inspected; ensure HS codes match physical items.
Market and Legal Considerations:
- Focus on New Zealand consumer preferences, such as eco-friendly materials (such as FSC-certified timber).
- Ensure designs do not infringe on intellectual property rights and align with local market needs.

Trade Preferences Between China and New Zealand

Current Status: New Zealand and China have the New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement (NZCFTA, effective 2008), under which furniture items (HS Chapter 94) enjoy a 0% tariff rate.
GST: A 15% GST is payable upon import, but no additional tariffs apply.

Importing furniture from China to Turkey: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Turkey and China have the Turkey-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA, effective 2017), under which furniture items (HS Chapter 94) enjoy a 0% tariff rate .VAT: An 18% VAT is payable upon import, but no additional tariffs apply.

Detailed List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

Below is a list of furniture items, their HS codes (6-digit), and tariff rates for imports from China to Turkey, covering HS 9401 (seats), 9402 (medical furniture), and 9403 (other furniture). Item descriptions include material, purpose, and design details for precise classification.

No.	Item Name and Description	HS Code	Tariff Rate
1	Wooden aircraft seat, leather cushioned, oak frame	940110	0%
2	Metal car seat, fabric cushioned, aluminum alloy structure	940120	0%
3	Plastic adjustable height chair, polypropylene, office use	940130	0%
4	Bamboo garden chair, no cushion, outdoor use	940140	0%
5	Wooden dining chair, velvet cushioned, walnut	940151	0%
6	Wooden office chair, no cushion, pine	940159	0%
7	Metal sofa, leather cushioned, steel frame	940161	0%
8	Metal armchair, no cushion, iron	940169	0%
9	Plastic rocking chair, fabric cushioned, PVC	940171	0%
10	Plastic bench, no cushion, polypropylene	940179	0%
11	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
12	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
13	Dental chair, rotating function, metal	940210	0%
14	Barber chair, adjustable height, plastic	940210	0%
15	Medical bed, mechanical device, wooden frame	940290	0%
16	Operating table, metal, adjustable height	940290	0%
17	Veterinary examination table, plastic, wheeled	940290	0%
18	Other medical furniture, wooden, with storage	940290	0%
19	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, steel	940310	0%
20	Other metal furniture, iron bookshelf, industrial style	940320	0%
21	Wooden office desk, with drawers, oak	940330	0%
22	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, pine	940340	0%
23	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, walnut	940350	0%
24	Other wooden furniture, coffee table, oak	940360	0%
25	Plastic furniture, office use, PVC material	940370	0%
26	Mattress support, metal, with springs	940381	0%
27	Other furniture, wooden TV stand, open shelves	940389	0%
28	Furniture parts, wooden, headboard	940390	0%
29	Wooden bar stool, leather cushioned, oak	940151	0%
30	Metal conference chair, no cushion, aluminum alloy	940169	0%
31	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, green	940179	0%
32	Wooden rocking chair, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
33	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, steel	940161	0%
34	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with backrest	940179	0%
35	Wooden seat, wooden frame, indoor use	940180	0%
36	Other seats, plastic frame, outdoor use	940190	0%
37	Dental chair, electric lift, metal	940210	0%
38	Barber chair, rotating function, plastic	940210	0%
39	Hospital bed, mechanical device, wooden	940290	0%
40	Operating table, metal, adjustable angle	940290	0%
41	Veterinary examination table, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
42	Other medical furniture, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
43	Metal office furniture, locking drawers, steel	940310	0%
44	Other metal furniture, aluminum wardrobe, modern style	940320	0%
45	Wooden office desk, with keyboard tray, oak	940330	0%
46	Wooden kitchen cabinet, with drawers, pine	940340	0%
47	Wooden bedroom furniture, with nightstand, walnut	940350	0%
48	Other wooden furniture, bookshelf, five-tier design	940360	0%
49	Plastic furniture, storage cabinet, PVC material	940370	0%
50	Mattress support, wooden, with springs	940381	0%
51	Other furniture, plastic TV stand, white minimalist	940389	0%
52	Furniture parts, metal, bed legs	940390	0%
53	Wooden sofa, velvet cushioned, oak	940151	0%
54	Metal office chair, leather cushioned, steel	940161	0%
55	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, yellow	940179	0%
56	Wooden bench, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
57	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
58	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with armrests	940179	0%
59	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
60	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
61	Dental chair, hydraulic lift, metal	940210	0%
62	Barber chair, rotating function, wooden	940210	0%
63	Hospital bed, electric device, metal	940290	0%
64	Operating table, wooden, adjustable height	940290	0%
65	Veterinary examination table, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
66	Other medical furniture, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
67	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, aluminum	940310	0%
68	Other metal furniture, steel shoe rack, industrial style	940320	0%
69	Wooden office desk, with drawers, pine	940330	0%
70	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, oak	940340	0%
71	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, pine	940350	0%
72	Other wooden furniture, TV stand, walnut	940360	0%
73	Plastic furniture, bookshelf, PVC material	940370	0%
74	Mattress support, metal, adjustable function	940381	0%
75	Other furniture, wooden display cabinet, with glass door	940389	0%
76	Furniture parts, plastic, drawer slides	940390	0%
77	Wooden armchair, leather cushioned, oak	940151	0%
78	Metal office chair, mesh cushioned, steel	940161	0%
79	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, red	940179	0%
80	Wooden ottoman, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
81	Metal recliner, leather cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
82	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with backrest	940179	0%
83	Wooden seat, wooden frame, indoor use	940180	0%
84	Other seats, plastic frame, outdoor use	940190	0%
85	Dental chair, electric lift, metal	940210	0%
86	Barber chair, rotating function, plastic	940210	0%
87	Hospital bed, mechanical device, wooden	940290	0%
88	Operating table, metal, adjustable angle	940290	0%
89	Veterinary examination table, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
90	Other medical furniture, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
91	Metal office furniture, locking drawers, steel	940310	0%
92	Other metal furniture, aluminum wardrobe, modern style	940320	0%
93	Wooden office desk, with keyboard tray, oak	940330	0%
94	Wooden kitchen cabinet, with drawers, pine	940340	0%
95	Wooden bedroom furniture, with nightstand, walnut	940350	0%
96	Other wooden furniture, bookshelf, five-tier design	940360	0%
97	Plastic furniture, storage cabinet, PVC material	940370	0%
98	Mattress support, wooden, with springs	940381	0%
99	Other furniture, plastic TV stand, white minimalist	940389	0%
100	Furniture parts, metal, bed legs	940390	0%
101	Wooden sofa, velvet cushioned, oak	940151	0%
102	Metal office chair, leather cushioned, steel	940161	0%
103	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, yellow	940179	0%
104	Wooden bench, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
105	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, aluminum alloy	940161	0%
106	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with armrests	940179	0%
107	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
108	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
109	Dental chair, hydraulic lift, metal	940210	0%
110	Barber chair, rotating function, wooden	940210	0%
111	Hospital bed, electric device, metal	940290	0%
112	Operating table, wooden, adjustable height	940290	0%
113	Veterinary examination table, metal, wheeled	940290	0%
114	Other medical furniture, plastic, with storage	940290	0%
115	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, aluminum	940310	0%
116	Other metal furniture, steel shoe rack, industrial style	940320	0%
117	Wooden office desk, with drawers, pine	940330	0%
118	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, oak	940340	0%
119	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, pine	940350	0%
120	Other wooden furniture, TV stand, walnut	940360	0%

Example Calculation: Detailed Cost Breakdown for Wooden Dining Chair (HS 940151)

Below is a detailed cost calculation from FOB Guangzhou to Istanbul, Turkey:

Basic Information:
- FOB Guangzhou Price: $50/unit
- Quantity: 500 units
- Total FOB Value: $50 × 500 = $25,000
- Packaging: 0.1 m³/unit, total 50 m³, requiring 2 x 40ft containers (~28 m³ each)
- Weight: 10 kg/unit, total 5,000 kg
Shipping and Insurance Costs:
- Ocean Freight: $2,500 per 40ft container, 2 containers = $5,000, $10/unit
- Port Handling Fee (Guangzhou): $150/container, 2 containers = $300, $0.60/unit
- Insurance: 0.5% of value, $25,000 × 0.5% = $125, $0.25/unit
- CIF Price: $50 + $10 + $0.60 + $0.25 = $60.85/unit
- Total CIF Value: $60.85 × 500 = $30,425
Tariff Calculation:
- Tariff Rate: 0% (FTA benefit)
- Tariff Amount: $0
VAT (Value Added Tax):
- VAT Rate: 18% (Turkey standard rate)
- Taxable Base: CIF = $60.85/unit
- VAT Amount: $60.85 × 18% ≈ $10.95/unit
- Total VAT: $10.95 × 500 = $5,475
Other Costs (Istanbul Port and Inland):
- Port Handling Fee (THC): $250/container, 2 containers = $500, $1.00/unit
- Customs Brokerage Fee: $200/shipment, $0.40/unit
- Documentation Fee: $50/shipment, $0.10/unit
- Inland Transport (Istanbul to Ankara warehouse, ~450 km): $600/container, 2 containers = $1,200, $2.40/unit
- Warehousing Fee: $1/unit (Ankara warehouse estimate)
- Total Additional Costs: $1.00 + $0.40 + $0.10 + $2.40 + $1 = $4.90/unit
- Total Additional Amount: $4.90 × 500 = $2,450
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost: $60.85 (CIF) + $0 (tariff) + $10.95 (VAT) + $4.90 (other) = $76.70
- Total Amount: $76.70 × 500 = $38,350

Each wooden dining chair increases from $50 (FOB Guangzhou) to $76.70, a rise of approximately 53.4%, primarily due to VAT and transportation-related costs.

Considerations for Importing Furniture

Regulatory Compliance:
- Fire Safety Standards: Ensure furniture complies with Turkish Standard TS EN 1021, especially for upholstered items regarding flame resistance.
- Timber Sourcing: Adhere to Turkish environmental regulations, ensuring legal timber sourcing (such as FSC certification).
- Chemical Restrictions: Check formaldehyde and other chemical levels to meet Turkish health and safety standards.
Documentation:
- Provide a commercial invoice (including HS code and description), packing list, bill of lading, and certificate of origin.
- For specific materials (such as timber), additional certifications (such as phytosanitary certificate) may be required.
Shipping and Packaging:
- Use moisture-proof and shock-resistant packaging (such as foam padding and wooden pallets) to prevent damage during sea transport.
- Shipping time is approximately 2-3 weeks; plan inventory accordingly, choosing between 20ft (18 m³) or 40ft (28 m³) containers.
Customs Clearance:
- Search your local customs broker from Google.com or Hire a professional customs broker (such as DHL or FedEx), with fees around TRY 200-400 per shipment.
- Approximately 5%-10% of goods may be inspected; ensure HS codes match physical items.
Market and Legal Considerations:
- Focus on Turkish consumer preferences, such as eco-friendly materials (such as FSC-certified timber).
- Ensure designs do not infringe on intellectual property rights and align with local market needs.

Importing furniture from China to Chile: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Chile and China have the Chile-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA, effective 2006), under which furniture items (HS Chapter 94) enjoy a 0% tariff rate.but VAT need 19% .

Detailed List of Furniture Items, HS Codes, and Tariff Rates

Imorts from China to Chile, covering HS 9401 (seats), 9402 (medical furniture), and 9403 (other furniture). Under the Chile-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA), all listed furniture items have a 0% tariff rate, though a 19% VAT applies.

No.	Item Name and Description	HS Code	Tariff Rate
1	Wooden aircraft seat, leather cushioned, oak frame	940110	0%
2	Metal car seat, fabric cushioned, aluminum alloy structure	940120	0%
3	Plastic adjustable height chair, polypropylene, office use	940130	0%
4	Bamboo garden chair, no cushion, outdoor use	940140	0%
5	Wooden dining chair, velvet cushioned, walnut	940151	0%
6	Wooden office chair, no cushion, pine	940159	0%
7	Metal sofa, leather cushioned, steel frame	940161	0%
8	Metal armchair, no cushion, iron	940169	0%
9	Plastic rocking chair, fabric cushioned, PVC	940171	0%
10	Plastic bench, no cushion, polypropylene	940179	0%
11	Wooden seat, wooden frame, outdoor use	940180	0%
12	Other seats, metal frame, indoor use	940190	0%
13	Dental chair, rotating function, metal	940210	0%
14	Barber chair, adjustable height, plastic	940210	0%
15	Medical bed, mechanical device, wooden frame	940290	0%
16	Operating table, metal, adjustable height	940290	0%
17	Veterinary examination table, plastic, wheeled	940290	0%
18	Other medical furniture, wooden, with storage	940290	0%
19	Metal office furniture, with filing cabinet, steel	940310	0%
20	Other metal furniture, iron bookshelf, industrial style	940320	0%
21	Wooden office desk, with drawers, oak	940330	0%
22	Wooden kitchen cabinet, double doors, pine	940340	0%
23	Wooden bedroom furniture, with wardrobe, walnut	940350	0%
24	Other wooden furniture, coffee table, oak	940360	0%
25	Plastic furniture, office use, PVC material	940370	0%
26	Mattress support, metal, with springs	940381	0%
27	Other furniture, wooden TV stand, open shelves	940389	0%
28	Furniture parts, wooden, headboard	940390	0%
29	Wooden bar stool, leather cushioned, oak	940151	0%
30	Metal conference chair, no cushion, aluminum alloy	940169	0%
31	Plastic garden chair, polypropylene, green	940179	0%
32	Wooden rocking chair, fabric cushioned, pine	940151	0%
33	Metal recliner, mesh cushioned, steel	940161	0%
34	Plastic folding chair, PVC, with backrest	940179	0%
35	Wooden seat, wooden frame, indoor use	940180	0%
36	Other seats, plastic frame, outdoor use	940190	0%
37	Dental chair, electric lift, metal	940210	0%
38	Hospital bed, mechanical device, wooden	940290	0%
39	Operating table, metal, adjustable angle	940290	0%
40	Metal office furniture, locking drawers, steel	940310	0%
41	Other metal furniture, aluminum wardrobe, modern style	940320	0%
42	Wooden office desk, with keyboard tray, oak	940330	0%
43	Wooden kitchen cabinet, with drawers, pine	940340	0%
44	Wooden bedroom furniture, with nightstand, walnut	940350	0%
45	Other wooden furniture, bookshelf, five-tier design	940360	0%
46	Plastic furniture, storage cabinet, PVC material	940370	0%
47	Mattress support, wooden, with springs	940381	0%
48	Other furniture, plastic TV stand, white minimalist	940389	0%
49	Furniture parts, metal, bed legs	940390	0%
50	Wooden sofa, velvet cushioned, oak	940151	0%

Example: Detailed Cost Breakdown for Wooden Office Chair (HS 940159)

Below is a detailed cost calculation from FOB Shanghai to Valparaíso, Chile:

Basic Information:
- FOB Shanghai Price: $50/unit
- Quantity: 500 units
- Total FOB Value: $50 × 500 = $25,000
- Packaging: 0.1 m³/unit, total 50 m³, requiring 2 x 40ft containers (~28 m³ each)
- Weight: 10 kg/unit, total 5,000 kg
Shipping and Insurance Costs:
- Ocean Freight: $2,500 per 40ft container, 2 containers = $5,000, $10/unit
- Port Handling Fee (Shanghai): $150/container, 2 containers = $300, $0.60/unit
- Insurance: 0.5% of value, $25,000 × 0.5% = $125, $0.25/unit
- CIF Price: $50 + $10 + $0.60 + $0.25 = $60.85/unit
- Total CIF Value: $60.85 × 500 = $30,425
Tariff Calculation:
- Tariff Rate: 0% (FTA benefit)
- Tariff Amount: $0
VAT (Value Added Tax):
- VAT Rate: 19% (Chile standard rate)
- Taxable Base: CIF = $60.85/unit
- VAT Amount: $60.85 × 19% ≈ $11.56/unit
- Total VAT: $11.56 × 500 = $5,780
Other Costs (Valparaíso Port and Inland):
- Port Handling Fee (THC): $250/container, 2 containers = $500, $1.00/unit
- Customs Brokerage Fee: $200/shipment, $0.40/unit
- Documentation Fee: $50/shipment, $0.10/unit
- Inland Transport (Valparaíso to Santiago warehouse, ~120 km): $600/container, 2 containers = $1,200, $2.40/unit
- Warehousing Fee: $1/unit (Santiago warehouse estimate)
- Total Additional Costs: $1.00 + $0.40 + $0.10 + $2.40 + $1 = $4.90/unit
- Total Additional Amount: $4.90 × 500 = $2,450
Total Cost:
- Per Unit Total Cost: $60.85 (CIF) + $0 (tariff) + $11.56 (VAT) + $4.90 (other) = $77.31
- Total Amount: $77.31 × 500 = $38,655

Each wooden office chair increases from $50 (FOB Shanghai) to $77.31, a rise of approximately 54.62%, primarily due to VAT and transportation-related costs.

Summary

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Importing furniture from China to Turkey: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Chile: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Summary

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What We Offer:

Why Choose Us?

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Importing Furniture from China:An Ultra-Detailed Guide 2025

Importing Furniture from China:An Ultra-Detailed Guide 2025

What Preparations Are Needed Before Importing Furniture from China?

Furniture Materials

Furniture Classification

Office Furniture: Classifications and Styles

Furniture Manufacturers In China: Main Distribution Provinces and Cities

Requirements and Certifications for Importing Furniture from China

International Furniture Trade Shows

Importing furniture from China to EU: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to UK: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Canada: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Brazil: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Australia: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to India: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Nigeria( HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation)

Importing furniture from China to South Africa: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to United States: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to New Zealand: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Turkey: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Importing furniture from China to Chile: HS Codes, Import Duty Rates and Tariff Calculation

Summary

Your Trusted China Sourcing Partner – From Supplier to Your Doorstep!

What We Offer:

Why Choose Us?

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3% Service fee only Today !

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